| 引用本文: | 陈锦贤,吕佳林,黄贵英,宁冶霜,彭智奇,陈晓,戈昕宇,陈凯,王备新.基于eDNA宏条形码的金沙江中下游大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性.湖泊科学,2025,37(3):940-951. DOI:10.18307/2025.0331 |
| Chen Jinxian,Lv Jialin,Huang Guiying,Ning Yeshuang,Peng Zhiqi,Chen Xiao,Ge Xinyu,Chen Kai,Wang Beixin.Diversity of macroinvertebrate in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River based on eDNA metabarcoding. J. Lake Sci.2025,37(3):940-951. DOI:10.18307/2025.0331 |
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| 摘要: |
| 金沙江是长江上游的重要生态屏障区，水生生物资源丰富但受梯级水电站开发影响严重。eDNA宏条形码技术可以高效、标准化地获取生物多样性数据，是国内外学者广泛认可的可替代传统生物多样性监测方法的技术。为探究金沙江干流大型底栖无脊椎动物（底栖动物）多样性空间特征和影响因子，2021年2月采用eDNA宏条形码技术和传统方法调查了金沙江中、下游干流河段16个样点的底栖动物，并监测了水体理化因子，收集了水坝环境数据。eDNA宏条形码技术共检测到底栖动物4门6纲15目24科46个可操作分类单元，传统形态学调查法共检测到3门5纲9目19科29属，两种检测方法均发现双翅目多样性最高。eDNA序列及形态学多度数据的分析都表明金沙江中、下游的底栖动物群落组成差异显著，基于eDNA的优势类群及群落α多样性指数均有显著差异。典范对应分析显示，海拔、高锰酸盐指数及样点上游电站年平均发电量是影响底栖动物群落特征的关键环境因子。研究结果表明，金沙江中下游底栖动物多样性存在明显的空间差异，梯级水电开发是底栖动物群落的主要胁迫因子。本研究为金沙江水生生物多样性保护与监测方法的改进提供了参考依据。 |
| 关键词: eDNA 形态学 底栖动物 群落结构 水电站开发 |
| DOI：10.18307/2025.0331 |
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| 基金项目:生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估项目（2019HJ2096001006）；国家自然科学基金项目（41771052）联合资助 |
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| Diversity of macroinvertebrate in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River based on eDNA metabarcoding |
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Chen Jinxian，Lv Jialin，Huang Guiying，Ning Yeshuang，Peng Zhiqi，Chen Xiao，Ge Xinyu，Chen Kai，Wang Beixin
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1.College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 , P.R.China ；2.Taishun County Environmental Monitoring Station, Wenzhou 325000 , P.R.China ；3.Wenzhou Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Wenzhou 325000 ，P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| The Jinsha River serves as a vital ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. This area has been abundant in aquatic biological resources but is being severely impacted by the cascade hydropower stations along its watercourse. eDNA metabarcoding can efficiently and standardly obtain biodiversity data, widely recognized by both domestic and international researchers as a technology capable of replacing traditional methods for biodiversity monitoring. To explore the spatial pattern of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity and the related influencing factors in the Jinsha River mainstream, eDNA metabarcoding and traditional methods were used to sample the macroinvertebrates at 16 sampling sites along the mainstream of the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River in February 2021. Water physicochemical variables were simultaneously measured, and environmental data of hydropower stations were collected. The eDNA metabarcoding technique detected a total of 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across 4 phyla, 6 classes, 15 orders, and 24 families of benthos, while traditional morphological survey methods identified 29 genera within 3 phyla, 5 classes, 9 orders, and 19 families. Both methods found that Diptera had the highest diversity. The middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River showed significant differences in macroinvertebrate community composition, as revealed by both eDNA sequences and morphological abundance data. In addition, eDNA methods further detected the remarkable differences in the dominant taxa and alpha diversity between middle and lower reaches. Canonical correspondence analysis identified altitude, permanganate index, and the average annual power generation of hydropower stations in the upper reach of sampling sites as the key environmental factors affecting macroinvertebrate communities. Our results highlighted the significant differences in macroinvertebrate diversity between the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River and cascade hydropower development is the major stressor on macroinvertebrates. Our findings provide a reference for the improvement of biodiversity conservation and monitoring methods for aquatic organisms in the Jinsha River. |
| Key words: eDNA morphology macroinvertebrate community structure hydroelectric power station development |
