| 引用本文: | 罗思,葛超,焦昱斌,王启烁,王泽鑫,杨瑞琪,王少康,周俊杰,金诗语.苏北白马湖禁渔初期鱼类群落结构特征及多样性.湖泊科学,2025,37(4):1407-1418. DOI:10.18307/2025.0435 |
| Luo Si,Ge Chao,Jiao Yubin,Wang Qishuo,Wang Zexin,Yang Ruiqi,Wang Shaokang,Zhou Junjie,Jin Shiyu.The fish community structure and diversity of Lake Baima in northern Jiangsu Province during the initial phase of the fishing ban policy. J. Lake Sci.2025,37(4):1407-1418. DOI:10.18307/2025.0435 |
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| 苏北白马湖禁渔初期鱼类群落结构特征及多样性 |
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罗思1，葛超1，焦昱斌1，王启烁2，王泽鑫1，杨瑞琪1，王少康1，周俊杰1，金诗语1
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1：淮阴工学院生命科学与食品工程学院，淮安 223003 ，2：中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉 430072
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| 摘要: |
| 白马湖是淮河流域下游具有滞涝、供水、生态、文化景观、旅游、养殖等多种功能的重要湖泊。为掌握白马湖禁渔初期的鱼类群落结构特征及多样性，本研究于2023年6月-2024年4月对白马湖的鱼类资源进行调查。4个季度共采集到鱼类48种，隶属于7目13科38属，以鲤科鱼类和小型杂食性鱼类为主。似鳊（ Pseudobrama simoni ）、鳙（ Aristichthys nobilis ）、大鳍鱊（ Acheilognathus macropterus ）和红鳍原鲌（ Culterichthys erythropterus ）是白马湖全年的优势鱼类，而短颌鲚（ Coilia brachygnathus ）、达氏鲌（ Culter dabryi ）、似鱎（ Toxabramis swinhonis ）、鲢（ Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ）、鲫（ Carassius auratus ）、鲤（ Cyprinus carpio ）等物种仅在部分季节为优势物种。白马湖鱼类群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数分别为4.860、2.424、0.637和0.844。尽管各个湖区和季节的鱼类物种多样性差异不显著，但Cluster聚类和NMDS排序分析结果显示，白马湖鱼类群落结构存在较为明显的时空差异。在52.28%相似性水平上白马湖鱼类可分为3组，其中中部湖区和北部湖区的鱼类群落为组Ⅰ，而南部湖区春、夏、秋3季为组Ⅱ，南部湖区冬季为组Ⅲ。除北部湖区鱼类群落稳定性波动较大外，白马湖其他湖区的群落结构均较为稳定。结果表明，白马湖鱼类资源呈现良好的恢复态势，但仍存在小型杂食性鱼类占比较高、保护物种资源量较低、北部湖区鱼类群落稳定性较低等问题。建议从增殖放流、栖息地修复、控源截污、渔政监管等方面进一步加强白马湖鱼类资源养护，并对白马湖鱼类资源开展持续跟踪监测。研究结果不仅可为白马湖十年禁渔效果评估提供基础前期数据，而且可为白马湖以及其他全面禁捕湖泊的鱼类资源保护和渔业资源管理提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 白马湖 禁渔 鱼类资源 种类组成 优势种 群落稳定性 |
| DOI：10.18307/2025.0435 |
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| 文献标识码:A |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52100218）、江苏省白马湖泥鳅沙塘鳢国家级水产种质资源保护区水生生物资源监测服务采购项目（HAZYCS-2023021）和江苏省农业自主创新项目（CX(23)3130）联合资助 |
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| The fish community structure and diversity of Lake Baima in northern Jiangsu Province during the initial phase of the fishing ban policy |
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Luo Si1，Ge Chao1，Jiao Yubin1，Wang Qishuo2，Wang Zexin1，Yang Ruiqi1，Wang Shaokang1，Zhou Junjie1，Jin Shiyu1
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1:School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003 , P.R.China,2:Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072 , P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| Lake Baima, located at the lower reaches of the Huaihe River Basin, serves as a multi-functional water body with roles in flood retention, water supply, ecological balance, cultural landscape, tourism, and aquaculture. To assess the fish community structure and diversity during the initial phase of the fishing ban, a survey of fish resources was conducted from June 2023 to April 2024. During the studied period,Pseudobrama simoni, Aristichthys nobilis, Acheilognathus macropterus and Culterichthys erythropterus were identified as the dominant species, whileCoilia brachygnathus ,Culter dabryi ,Toxabramis swinhonis ,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ,Carassius auratusandCyprinus carpioexhibited seasonal dominance. The Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson’s diversity index for the fish community were 4.860, 2.424, 0.637 and 0.844, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in fish species diversity across various lake regions and seasons, Bray-Curtis cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that there were distinct spatial and temporal variations in fish community structure. At the similarity level of 52.28%, the fish communities were categorized into three groups, i.e. , the central and northern lake areas (group Ⅰ), the spring, summer and autumn seasons in the southern lake area (group Ⅱ), and the winter season in the southern lake area (group Ⅲ). The stability of the fish community in the northern lake area exhibited considerable fluctuations, whereas the community structure in other regions of Lake Baima was relatively stable. These findings suggested a recovery trend of the fish resources in Lake Baima. However, there were considerable challenges including the high proportion of small omnivorous fish, low abundance of protected species, and low stability of fish community in the northern lake area. It was recommended to enhance the conservation for Lake Baima’s fish resources through targeted actions such as stock enhancement, habitat restoration, pollution source control, and strengthened fishery regulation, as well as regular monitoring. The results of this study provided essential data for evaluating the long-term effects of the ten-year fishing ban in Lake Baima, and offered a scientific foundation for the management and conservation of fishery resources in other fishing banned lakes. |
| Key words: Lake Baima fishing ban fish resources species composition dominant species community stability |
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