| 引用本文: | 张诗苑,徐志文,龚磊强,罗浩,余定坤,孙敏芳,商静雯,秦海明.禁渔初期鄱阳湖碟形子湖浮游动物群落季节演替特征及影响因素.湖泊科学,2025,37(4):1367-1380. DOI:10.18307/2025.0432 |
| Zhang Shiyuan,Xu Zhiwen,Gong Leiqiang,Luo Hao,Yu Dingkun,Sun Minfang,Shang Jingwen,Qin Haiming.Seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community in shallow dished sub-lakes of Lake Poyang and influencing factors during early Fish Banning period. J. Lake Sci.2025,37(4):1367-1380. DOI:10.18307/2025.0432 |
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| 摘要: |
| 长江流域“十年禁渔”政策实施后，鱼类资源的恢复情况会对浮游动物群落季节演替特征产生一定影响。本研究于2022年7月、10月及2023年1月、4月、7月在鄱阳湖保护区的两个碟形子湖——沙湖和大湖池进行浮游动物定量调查研究，目的在于揭示禁渔初期浮游动物的群落季节演替特征及其影响因素。调查期间共发现浮游动物82种，包括61种轮虫、11种枝角类和10种桡足类。5个调查月份的共有物种为9种，其中螺形龟甲轮虫（ Keratella cochlearis ）、前节晶囊轮虫（ Asplanchna priodonta ）、针簇多肢轮虫（ Polyarthra trigla ）、广布多肢轮虫（ Polyarthra vulgaris ）、跨立小剑水蚤（ Microcyclops varicans ）、广布中剑水蚤（ Mesocyclops leuckarti ）、汤匙华哲水蚤（ Sinocalanus dorrii ）和长额象鼻溞（ Bosmina longirostris ）属于优势物种。自2022年夏季至2023年夏季，沙湖和大湖池浮游动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的季节变化特征均为先下降后上升。浮游动物的丰度和生物量均呈现春冬季低、夏秋季高的特点，且差异显著。非度量多维尺度排序和聚类分析结果表明，5个调查月份的浮游动物群落具有明显的季节差异，可区分为5个群落：2022年夏季群落、2022年秋季群落、2022年冬季群落、2023年春季群落与2023年夏季群落，其中2022年冬季群落与2023年春季群落相似性较高，2022年夏季群落与2023年夏季群落相似性较高。冗余分析结果表明，水环境因子可以解释87.2%的浮游动物变化率，进一步的蒙特卡罗检验结果揭示，水温、浊度和溶解氧对浮游动物的群落结构具有显著影响。研究发现极端干旱事件导致禁渔初期鄱阳湖子湖浮游动物的群落稳定性明显降低。对比分析禁渔前（2020年）和禁渔后（2022年）浮游动物的现存量，发现禁渔初期浮游动物的丰度和生物量有一定程度减少。 |
| 关键词: 浮游动物 群落演替 季节动态 禁渔措施 鄱阳湖 碟形子湖 |
| DOI：10.18307/2025.0432 |
| 分类号: |
| 文献标识码:A |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目 (31560133)资助 |
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| Seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community in shallow dished sub-lakes of Lake Poyang and influencing factors during early Fish Banning period |
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Zhang Shiyuan1，Xu Zhiwen2，Gong Leiqiang2，Luo Hao2，Yu Dingkun2，Sun Minfang1，Shang Jingwen1，Qin Haiming1
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1: School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 , P.R.China,2: Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve Administration, Nanchang 330038 , P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| After the implementation of the 10-year Fish Banning in the Yangtze River Basin, the recovery of fish resources will have a certain impact on the seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community. The present study aims to understand the seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community structure and its influencing factors during early Fish Banning period. As the largest freshwater lake in China, Lake Poyang is also a focal area for the implementation of Fish Banning policy. In this study, zooplankton were quantitatively surveyed in five seasons including July, October 2022 and January, April, July 2023 in Lake Shahu and Lake Dahuchi, which are two shallow dished sub-lakes of Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve. A total of 82 species of zooplankton, including 61 species of rotifers, 11 species of cladocerans, and 10 species of copepods were identified during the survey period. In the five survey months, the number of shared species were 9. Among them,Keratella cochlearis ,Asplanchna priodonta ,Polyarthra trigla ,Polyarthra vulgaris ,Microcyclops varicans ,Mesocyclops leuckarti, Sinocalanus dorrii and Bosmina longirostris were dominant species. From summer 2022 to summer 2023, the seasonal variety trends of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of zooplankton first decreased and then increased. The one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in zooplankton abundance and biomass in the five seasons. The zooplankton abundance and biomass were lower in spring and winter, while higher in summer and autumn. The clustering of zooplankton communities by Bray-Curtis similarity measure and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling revealed that the communities of zooplankton in the five survey months showed significant seasonal differences. The zooplankton communities of the five survey months can be clearly divided into five: the summer community of 2022, the autumn community of 2022, the winter community of 2022, the spring community of 2023, and the summer community of 2023. The winter 2022 community showed a high level of similarity with the spring 2023 one, and the summer 2022 community showed a high level of similarity with the summer 2023 one. Redundancy analysis indicated that environmental factors explained 87.2% of the variation in zooplankton. Monte Carlo tests revealed that water temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen had significantly impacts on zooplankton community structure changes. The study revealed that extreme drought events had significantly reduced the zooplankton community stability in the sub-lakes of Lake Poyang. There was a noticeable decrease in abundance and biomass of zooplankton communities before and after the Fish Banning. |
| Key words: Zooplankton community succession seasonal dynamics Fish Banning policy Lake Poyang shallow dished sub-lake |
