| 引用本文: | 杨文焕,李艳芳,张明宇,高静湉,李卫平.基于长时间序列内蒙古典型湖泊水质变化特征及趋势分析.湖泊科学,2025,37(4):1249-1265. DOI:10.18307/2025.0420 |
| Yang Wenhuan,Li Yanfang,Zhang Mingyu,Gao Jingtian,Li Weiping.Variation and trend analysis of water quality of typical lakes in Inner Mongolia based on long-term data. J. Lake Sci.2025,37(4):1249-1265. DOI:10.18307/2025.0420 |
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| 摘要: |
| 为了确定内蒙古典型湖泊的水质演变特征，选取2013—2023年乌梁素海、岱海和南海湖的水质数据，采用综合污染指数和综合营养状态指数法分析各湖泊的水质演变特征与趋势，运用皮尔逊相关分析研究3个湖泊各水质指标与两个指数的相关程度，并且分析湖泊氮磷摩尔比（简称氮磷比）的时间序列变化趋势，探究影响湖泊水质变化的主要因素。结果表明：2013—2023年间，乌梁素海、岱海和南海湖的化学需氧量（CODCr ）、总磷（TP）、氨氮、叶绿素 a （Chl .a ）浓度总体呈下降趋势，乌梁素海和南海湖的总氮（TN）浓度年际变化呈良好趋势发展，但岱海的TN浓度在2020年达到最大值并保持劣Ⅴ类水标准；乌梁素海富营养化程度呈现从重度到中度再到轻度的变化趋势，岱海随着“引黄济岱”试水的完成，富营养化程度从重度转为中度，兼具旅游观光功能的南海湖多年处于重度富营养化状态；综合污染指数结果表明，乌梁素海水质正向良性方向发展，岱海和南海湖在环境治理下重污染水质逐渐改善，但治理措施仍需进一步强化，其中岱海和南海湖受氮素污染明显，TN、TP及CODCr 治理应成为3个湖泊污染治理的主要方面。回归线性模型分析表明，3个湖泊的Chl .a 与TN、TP浓度均呈极显著正相关。通过氮磷比的比较，湖泊水体多数时间都适宜藻类生长繁殖，磷可能是乌梁素海Chl .a的主要影响因素，岱海和南海湖可能是氮、磷共同限制型湖泊。 |
| 关键词: 内蒙古湖泊 水质特征 富营养化 演变特征 |
| DOI：10.18307/2025.0420 |
| 分类号:10.18307/2025.0420 |
| 文献标识码:A |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42167018）和内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2024LHMS04016）联合资助 |
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| Variation and trend analysis of water quality of typical lakes in Inner Mongolia based on long-term data |
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Yang Wenhuan1，2，Li Yanfang1，Zhang Mingyu1，Gao Jingtian1，2，Li Weiping1，2
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1:College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010 , P.R.China ,2:Collaborative Innovation Center of Autonomous Region for Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization in the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou 014010 , P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| To identify the water quality variation of typical lakes in Inner Mongolia, the water quality data of Lake Wuliangsuhai, Lake Daihai and Lake Nanhai from 2013 to 2023 were obtained. The comprehensive pollution index and trophic level index were employed to analyze the evolution characteristics and trends of water quality in each lake. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to investigate the correlation between water quality indicators and these two indices in these three lakes. The temporal trend of the nitrogen to phosphorus molar ratio was analyzed, aiming to explore the main factors affecting the lake water quality. The results indicated that during 2013-2023, chemical oxygen demand (CODCr ), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N), and chlorophyll- a(Chl .a ) in Lake Wuliangsuhai, Lake Daihai, and Lake Nanhai exhibited a declining trend. However, TN in Lake Daihai reached its peak value in 2020, and remained at the water standard of inferior Class V. The eutrophication level of Lake Wuliangsuhai showed a trend from severe to moderate and then to mild. With the testing project of “diverting water from the Yellow River into Daihai”, the eutrophication of Lake Nanhai had changed from severe to moderate. Lake Nanhai, serving as a tourist attraction, has been in a state of severe eutrophication for many years. The comprehensive pollution index indicated that the water quality of Lake Wuliangsuhai was improving. Under environmental remediation, the deteriorated water quality of Lake Daihai and Lake Nanhai was gradually improving, but the remediation measures could be further strengthened. Among them, Lake Daihai and Lake Nanhai were significantly polluted by nitrogen, and the reduction of TN, TP, and CODCr should become the priority task for these three lakes. Regression linear model analysis showed that Chl .a in these three lakes was positively correlated with TN and TP concentrations respectively. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus revealed that phytoplankton growth was favorable in the lake during most periods. Phosphorus may be the main influencing factor of Chl .a in Lake Wuliangsuhai, while Lake Daihai and Lake Nanhai may be limited by both nitrogen and phosphorus. |
| Key words: The lakes of Inner Mongolia water quality characteristics eutrophication evolutionary features |
