| 摘要: |
| 中国作为全球最大的发展中国家之一，正面临日益严峻的PAEs（邻苯二甲酸酯）污染问题。PAEs作为塑化剂被广泛应用于工业、食品行业和医药行业，因使用量大且未经规范处理，导致环境中长期积累并呈现出显著的毒性。为探究PAEs在中国典型湖泊中的赋存特征和人类活动的影响效应，本研究选择我国30个典型湖泊水体和20个典型湖泊沉积物，系统分析了PAEs的多介质赋存状况、空间分布、生态风险和潜在来源。结果表明，PAEs在水相和沉积相中浓度范围为0.01~27.60 μg/L、28.8~74935 ng/g，邻苯二甲酸二（2-二乙基）己酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）是水相和沉积物中的主要PAEs；湖区空间分布呈现显著差异，长江中下游地区污染最为严重。其中，邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）是湖泊水体和沉积物中的主要 PAEs 组分，贡献率最高。湖区空间分布呈现显著差异，长江中下游湖泊受污染最为严重。基于风险商（RQ）生态风险评价，发现约 30% 的湖泊对甲壳类生物存在较高风险，其中 DEHP 和 DBP 是主要的高风险 PAEs 组分。进一步的主成分分析-多元线性回归显示，工业废水排放和农业生产活动是 PAEs 主要的污染来源，特别是农用薄膜、农药使用量与 DEHP、DBP 浓度呈现显著正相关关系（p < 0.05）。研究结果表明，PAEs 在湖泊水-沉积物系统中具有显著的多介质分布特征，并受人类活动的深刻影响。因此，建议强化 农业生产中 PAEs 添加剂的使用管理，提高工业废水处理工艺中 PAEs 的去除效率，以降低湖泊水体污染负荷。本研究揭示了我国典型湖泊 PAEs 的环境行为、风险特征及其人为驱动机制，为制定水生态环境保护策略提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs) 水体 沉积物 来源分析 生态风险评价 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学(42277404)；湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室自助部署项目(NKL2023-KP01)；新疆湖泊水生生物调查与生存环境数据库 课题编号：2022xjkk1504；江苏省青年基金项目（BK20231096） |
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| Multi-medium distribution characteristics and risk assessment of phthalate esters in representative lakes across China |
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zangyajie, huangchenyu, guizhiying, gongxionghu, qinyu, zhanglu, zhaozhonghua
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Nanjing Institute of geography& limnology, Chinese academy of sciences
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| Abstract: |
| As one of the largest developing countries in the world, China is facing an increasingly severe pollution problem with PAEs (phthalates). PAEs, as plasticizers, are widely used in industries, food industry, and pharmaceutical industry. Due to their large usage and lack of standardized treatment, they have accumulated in the environment over the long term, showing significant toxicity. To explore the occurrence characteristics of PAEs in typical Chinese lakes and the effects of human activities, this study systematically analyzed the multi-media occurrence, spatial distribution, ecological risks, and potential sources of PAEs in the water bodies and sediments of 30 typical lakes in China. The results indicate that the concentration range of PAEs in the aqueous and sediment phases is 0.01~27.60 μg/L and 28.8~74935 ng/g, respectively, with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) being the main PAEs in both phases; the spatial distribution of the lake areas shows significant differences, with the most severe pollution occurring in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Among them, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are the main components of PAEs in lake water and sediments, with the highest contribution rates. The spatial distribution of the lake areas shows significant differences, with the lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River being the most severely polluted. Based on the ecological risk assessment using risk quotients (RQ), it was found that about 30% of the lakes pose a high risk to crustaceans, with DEHP and DBP being the main PAEs components posing high risks. Further principal component analysis and multiple linear regression showed that industrial wastewater discharge and agricultural production activities are the main sources of PAEs pollution, especially with a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the use of agricultural films, pesticide usage, and the concentrations of DEHP and DBP. The study results indicate that PAEs have significant multi-media distribution characteristics in the lake water-sediment system and are profoundly influenced by human activities. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the management of PAEs additives in agricultural production and improve the removal efficiency of PAEs in industrial wastewater treatment processes to reduce the pollution load of lake water bodies. This study reveals the environmental behavior, risk characteristics, and anthropogenic driving mechanisms of PAEs in typical Chinese lakes, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of water ecological and environmental protection strategies. |
| Key words: Phthalate Esters (PAEs) Water Sediment Source Analysis Ecological Risk Assessment |
