| 引用本文: | 金小伟,赵先富,渠晓东,许人骥,霍守亮,王业耀,魏复盛,吴丰昌.我国流域水生态监测与评价体系研究进展及发展对策.湖泊科学,2023,35(3):755-765. DOI:10.18307/2023.0300 |
| Jin Xiaowei,Zhao Xianfu,Qu Xiaodong,Xu Renji,Huo Shouliang,Wang Yeyao,Wei Fusheng,Wu Fengchang.Research progress of aquatic ecological monitoring and assessment in watersheds and development recommendations in China. J. Lake Sci.2023,35(3):755-765. DOI:10.18307/2023.0300 |
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| 我国流域水生态监测与评价体系研究进展及发展对策 |
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金小伟1, 赵先富2, 渠晓东3, 许人骥1, 霍守亮4, 王业耀1, 魏复盛1, 吴丰昌4
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1.中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012;2.水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所, 水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室, 武汉 430079;3.中国水利水电科学研究院, 北京 100038;4.中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
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| 摘要: |
| 水生态监测与评价是水生态系统管理、保护和可持续利用的基础。20世纪80年代开始，欧美发达国家水环境管理政策开始强调生态保护，重视流域水生态质量，先后开展了以水生生物为核心的河流水生态监测与评价研究计划。然而我国目前流域水环境监测与评价的指标主要以传统的理化监测指标为主，缺乏指示水生态变化的水生生物指标，单一的水质改善无法反映水生态环境好转这一长远目标，不能满足“十四五”水生态环境管理由以水污染防治为主向水环境、水生态、水资源“三水”统筹转变的总体要求。本研究系统分析发达国家和地区（如美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等）水生态监测与评价技术体系与业务化运行方面的先进经验，总结梳理我国水生态监测与评价试点已有的工作基础，分析制约我国当前流域水生态监测与评价的关键问题，从保护目标、管理模式、监测网络、科学研究和公众参与五个方面，提出开展我国流域水生态监测与评价体系构建和业务化运行的有关建议，为准确评估和预测流域水生态质量状况的变化、开展保护修复成效评估提供决策支持和重要参考。 |
| 关键词: 流域 水生态完整性 水生生物 监测网络 生态质量 |
| DOI：10.18307/2023.0300 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3200105）、中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目（2021-XBZD-5-3）和国家自然科学基金项目（41977364）联合资助。 |
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| Research progress of aquatic ecological monitoring and assessment in watersheds and development recommendations in China |
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Jin Xiaowei1, Zhao Xianfu2, Qu Xiaodong3, Xu Renji1, Huo Shouliang4, Wang Yeyao1, Wei Fusheng1, Wu Fengchang4
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1.China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, P. R. China;2.Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China;3.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, P. R. China;4.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Aquatic ecological monitoring and assessment in freshwater ecosystems centers on the effective management, protection, and sustainable utilization of freshwater resources. In the past several decades, the management policies in developed countries such as the United States and those in Europe had emphasized the ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Accordingly, a series of research plans and programs had been successively launched for systematically monitoring and evaluating status of freshwater ecosystems using biological communities as core indicators. However, the monitoring and assessment systems in China are mainly based on traditional physical and chemical indices, thus lacking biological indicators to illustrate changes in ecological quality of freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, the progress of water quality improvement cannot meet the long-term goals and overall requirements of the "14th Five-Year Plan" for water environment management-a conceptual change from water pollution prevention and control to a unified framework of "water resource, water ecology, and water environment (i.e., three waters)". In this review, we systematically discussed the experience of monitoring and assessment philosophy and operational techniques and applications of watershed management in developed countries/regions, such as the United States, Australia, and European Union. In addition, we further summarized the existing works of aquatic ecological monitoring and assessment in China, analyzed key issues that restrict the current water ecological monitoring and assessment progress, and finally proposed relevant suggestions for systematically developing aquatic ecological monitoring and assessment systems in China, including protection target, management mode, monitoring network, scientific research, public participation. It would provide decision support and crucial reference for accurately assessing quality of the nationwide freshwater ecosystems and further evaluating the effectiveness of protection and restoration in China. |
| Key words: River basin water ecological integrity aquatic organism monitoring network ecological quality |
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