| 引用本文: | 王维晴,周立志,陈薇,徐文彬,宋昀微.长江下游升金湖湿地保护有效性评价(1989—2019年).湖泊科学,2021,33(3):905-921. DOI:10.18307/2021.0324 |
| Wang Weiqing,Zhou Lizhi,Chen Wei,Xu Wenbin,Song Yunwei.Evaluation of conservation effectiveness of Lake Shengjin, lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 1989-2019. J. Lake Sci.2021,33(3):905-921. DOI:10.18307/2021.0324 |
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| 长江下游升金湖湿地保护有效性评价(1989—2019年) |
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王维晴1,2, 周立志1,2, 陈薇1,2, 徐文彬3, 宋昀微3
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1.安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601;2.湿地生态保护与修复安徽省重点实验室(安徽大学), 合肥 230601;3.升金湖国家级自然保护区, 池州 247200
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| 摘要: |
| 湿地保护有效性是实施湿地保护政策与措施后，湿地生态系统质量、健康与受胁情况的反映，是对保护目标的衡量.生态压力是影响湿地保护目标实现的重要因素，因此可以从湿地生态系统压力、状态和响应角度评价湿地保护有效性.本文以升金湖湿地为研究对象，以0.01°×0.01°经纬格网为评价单元，选择10项负向指标、5项正向指标，通过压力-状态-响应模型构建指标体系，格网赋分评价升金湖1989—2019年30年间的保护有效性.结果表明：升金湖湿地保护有效性呈下降趋势，非常有效等级格网单元占比由32.50%下降到11.07%，保护无效等级由3.57%增加到8.57%，30年间保护有效性等级中等均占较大比例，保护无效等级占比均最小；从功能区看，30年间3个功能区保护有效性均下降，保护有效性为核心区>缓冲区>实验区；从行政单元看，一些地点如长安村、东湖村、六联村、塘和村、白联村等地的保护有效性较低，主要分布在缓冲区与实验区，存在的主要生态压力是围垦.不同时期影响升金湖湿地保护有效性的主要生态压力因子不同，1989年围垦现象较突出，1999年围坝现象较突出，而2009年围网现象突出，至2019年围网拆除后，围垦和围坝问题仍没有得到充分解决.建议将格网作为管理单元，落实到行政单元，通过河长制、湖长制和林长制加强属地管理，管控生态压力，增强湿地保护地的管理及保护有效性. |
| 关键词: 湿地保护有效性 格网化管理 PSR模型 属地管理 升金湖 |
| DOI：10.18307/2021.0324 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31772485，31472020）和安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区2014年湿地生态效益补偿试点资金项目联合资助. |
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| Evaluation of conservation effectiveness of Lake Shengjin, lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 1989-2019 |
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Wang Weiqing1,2, Zhou Lizhi1,2, Chen Wei1,2, Xu Wenbin3, Song Yunwei3
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1.College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China;2.Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration (Anhui University), Hefei 230601, P. R. China;3.Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve Administration, Chizhou 247200, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Effectiveness of wetland conservation is a reflection of the quality, health and threatened situation of wetland ecosystem after the implementation of wetland conservation policies and measures, and also an important reflection of the degree of achievement of wetland protected goals. Ecological pressure is an important factor affecting the realization of the wetland protected goals. It can be evaluated from the perspective of wetland ecological pressure, state, and response. Lake Shengjin is a typical floodplain lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which has been facing ecological pressure caused by human factors for a long time, which has seriously affected the achievement of wetland protection goals. In this paper, Lake Shengjin was taken as the research object, and the 0.01°×0.01° longitude and latitude grids were taken as the evaluation units. Ten negative indices and five positive indices were selected in this area. The index system of conservation effectiveness was established based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model that can be used to evaluate the conservation effectiveness of Lake Shengjin in the past 30 years from 1989 to 2019. Results show that the conservation effectiveness has declined in the past 30 years, with the proportion of very effective level grid units decreased from 32.50% to 11.07%, and the ineffective conservation level increased from 3.57% to 8.57%, and the middle level accounted for a large proportion, and the proportion of ineffective level was the least in all the 30 years. From the perspective of functional aeras, the conservation effectiveness of the three functional areas decreased in the past 30 years, and the conservation effectiveness of the core zone is higher than that of the buffer zone and experimental zone. From the perspective of the administrative village units, some sites have low conservation effectiveness, such as Chang'an Village in Dongliu Town, Donghu Village, Liulian Village, Tanghe Village, Bailian Village in Zhangxi Town, and these villages mainly distributed in the buffer zone and experimental zone, and the main ecological pressure is reclamation, and these villages need to strengthen the supervision of ecological pressure. The dominant ecological pressure factors in different periods are different over the past 30 years. The main ecological pressures were reclamation in 1989, dikes in 1999, purse seine in 2009, and still the original reclamation and dikes after removing the purse seine in 2019. It is suggested that the grid monitoring and management unit should be implemented into the administrative unit, and the apanage management should be strengthened through establishing the management system of the river, lake, and forest chief, to control the ecological pressure and enhance the management and conservation effectiveness of wetland protected areas. |
| Key words: Wetland conservation effectiveness grid management PSR model apanage management Lake Shengjin |
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