| 摘要: |
| 水库是福建重要的水资源.通过2013-2015年遥感影像结合Google Earth和天地图提取福建水库3353座，分布在81个县区，总面积647.51 km2，约占全省土地面积的0.5%；其中面积≤ 1 km2水库3248座，总面积197.16 km2，面积>1 km2水库105座，总面积450.35 km2.基于经验公式估算总蓄水量188.18亿m3，其中小型水库3078座（91.80%），蓄水总量37.06亿m3（19.69%），大中型水库275座（8.20%），蓄水总量151.12亿m3（80.31%）.从空间分布格局来看，福建水库水资源空间分布不均，沿海六市水库密度大于三个内陆市，大中型水库主要分布于福建西北部，蓄水量呈现西北多、东南少的特点.单位陆地面积水库数量沿海城市县区均多于内陆，而单位人口水库数量则相反；单位面积水库蓄水量沿海与内陆差异不大，而人均蓄水量则沿海大部分县区远小于内陆.仅以水库作为供水水源，不能满足沿海地区用水，但内陆地区供水充足.水库蓄水对河流水体的平均滞留时间为0.053~0.341 a，除晋江流域受水库蓄水强烈影响外，其他流域受水库中等程度影响. |
| 关键词: 水库 遥感影像 数量 面积 蓄水量 空间分布 福建 |
| DOI：10.18307/2018.0227 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31370471）和福建省杰出青年科学基金项目（2012J06009）联合资助. |
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| The spatial distribution of reservoirs in Fujian Province: Higher density but lower storage in coastal than inland regions |
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ZHU Zhenxiang1,2, YANG Jun1
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1.Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China;2.College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Reservoirs are important water resources for economic and social sustainable development in Fujian. Using remote sensing images in conjunction with Google Earth and World Map, we identified and mapped 3353 reservoirs with a total surface area of 647.51 km2 in Fujian Province. These reservoirs were distributed in 81 counties and accounted for about 0.5% of provincial land area. The majority of these reservoirs (3248) were smaller than 1 km2 with a total area of 197.16 km2; while only 105 reservoirs are greater than 1 km2 with total area of 450.35 km2. The total estimated water storage capacity was 188.18×108 m3, which is roughly equivalent to the storage reported by the Fujian Provincial Department of Water Resources in 2013. Most reservoirs are small in volume because 91.80% of reservoirs (3078) are less than 0.1×108 m3 in storage, while only 8.20% of reservoirs (275) are larger than 0.1×108 m3 and account for approximately 80.31% of the total storage. Further analysis indicates that the spatial distribution of reservoirs is uneven in both density and storage among the nine cities:the density of reservoirs in coastal regions is more than that in inland region, and the large-and medium-sized reservoirs are mainly distributed in the northwest of Fujian, resulting in the water storage in northwest being greater than that in southeast. At present, the reservoir water can not meet the local water needs in most coastal cities due to large human population. The water discharge in all 10 main basins or sub-basins was moderately or strongly impacted by dams, and the water residence time intercepted by the reservoirs varied from 0.053 to 0.341 year. The results of this study provide the basic data for regional water resources management and planning, and also contribute to the protection and sustainable utilization of reservoir water resources. |
| Key words: Reservoir remote sensing number of reservoirs area of reservoirs storage spatial distribution Fujian Province |
