| 摘要: |
| 雅鲁藏布江是我国西藏地区最大的河流，孕育着独特的水生生物资源。近年来随着人类活动的干扰与河流开发的推进，亟待对该流域水生生物多样性进行全面调查评估。本研究基于雅鲁藏布江全流域的鱼类资源调查数据，整合物种多样性、功能多样性和系统发育多样性三个维度12项指数对该流域鱼类多样性进行评价分析。结果显示，24个调查样点中共采集到37种鱼类，隶属于3目7科24属，鲤形目鲤科鱼类为优势类群；其中土著鱼类27种，外来鱼类10种。基于Bray-Curtis距离的层次聚类可将雅鲁藏布江鱼类群落划分为4组，表现为帕隆藏布汇口上以上/以下江段及两个江段内干支流间存在较大差异，这与区域生物地理学过程及河流环境梯度密切相关。利用12项多样性指数对各样点鱼类多样性进行评估，除功能多样性指数FRic、功能分异度指数FDis、Rao的二次熵指数Rao’s Q和系统发育多样性指数PD外，其他指数在4组间未检测出显著性差异。不同多样性指数之间的相关关系表现各异：与丰富度相关的多项指数间存在显著或极显著的正相关，FDiv指数和MNTD指数与其他指数间多存在显著或极显著的负相关，表明不同类别的多样性指数各自具有独特的指示价值。基于群落功能性状结构和系统发育结构的检验结果显示大多数样点驱动鱼类群落聚合的过程为种间竞争排斥，推测与雅鲁藏布江水体营养贫瘠、食物来源稀缺导致的种间营养竞争关系紧张有关。本文整合多维度多样性指数对雅鲁藏布江流域鱼类多样性及群落构建过程进行探究，以期为该流域鱼类资源保护和管理提供科学依据，也为应用多维度指数评价淡水鱼类多样性提供参考借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 淡水鱼类 群落结构 功能多样性 系统发育多样性 雅鲁藏布江 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金（ZR2021QC224）；山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”（2022KJ277）；枣庄学院博士科研启动基金（1020737） |
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| Fish diversity evaluation and community assembly process analysis in the Yarlung Tsangpo River based on multi-faceted indices |
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gongzheng,fenghuizhe,liuyanchao,zhutianshun
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College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University
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| Abstract: |
| The Yarlung Tsangpo River is the largest river in Tibet. With increasing anthropogenic disturbance and ongoing development of water resources in recent years, it is urgent to conduct a comprehensive investigation and evaluation for aquatic biodiversity of this drainage. Based on the extensive ichthyological surveys in the whole drainage basin of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, this study analyzed the fish diversity of this drainage by integrating 12 indices from three facets: species diversity, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity. Our results showed that a total of 37 fish species were collected from the 24 sampling sites, belonging to 3 orders, 7 families and 24 genera. Of which Cypriniformes was the dominant group. There are 27 species of native fish and 10 species of exotic fish. The hierarchical clustering based on species abundance data showed that fish communities from different sites could be divided into four groups. The dissimilarities occurred between the upper and lower reaches of the estuary of the Parlung Tsangpo River and between the mainstem and tributaries in both sections, which was triggered by regional biogeography process and river environmental gradient of this drainage. Twelve indices were applied to evaluate fish biodiversity at different sites. Except functional richness index FRic, functional divergence index FDiv, Rao"s quadratic entropy index Rao’s Q and phylogenetic diversity index PD, no significant difference was detected in other 8 indices among the four groups. The correlation relationships among 12 diversity indices were different. Most of the indices related to species richness showed significant or extremely-significant positive correlations, while FDiv index and MNTD index showed significant or extremely-significant negative correlations with other indices, demonstrating that different categories of indices have their unique indicative perspective. Based on the examination results on community functional-trait structure and phylogenetic structure, fish community assembly was supposed to be driven by competitive exclusion in majority sites, which was supposed to be related to the intense interspecific nutritional competition caused by poor nutrition and scarce food sources in the Yarlung Tsangpo River. In this study, the multi-faceted diversity indices were integrated to explore the fish diversity and community assembly process in the Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage, which can provide scientific basis for conservation and management of fish resources as well as offer reference for future research on evaluation of freshwater fish diversity. |
| Key words: Freshwater fish community structure functional diversity phylogenetic diversity Yarlung Tsangpo River |
