Abstract:A non-hydrostatie meso-and micro-scale numerical model including detailed physica process both on ground surface an d in water is developed to sim ulate the distribution of the air specific humidity in the vicinity inlan d water body. The results are in agreement w ith observed data show ing that in the vicinity of water body , air specific hum idity increasea both in summer and in whiter, and the increasing ran ge is greater in winter than in sum mer.in sunny day than in cloudy day, and in nightthne than in daytime.When airflow passes through water body, the chan ge of air specific hum idity mainly occurs within original 2- 3km. Accordin g to power rule on both shores, the air specific hum idity approaches to that over land, w ithin 4 km on the win dward shore and beyond 20 km oii the leeward shore, the top. altitude where water body m ay affect air specific humidity is 200-doom .

Abstract:Judging from the analysis of lakeshure-geomopho1ogy and referring to the paleoelimate of selected section.in the past l 0000 years, Ebinur Lake experienced thfee stages of high lake-level:6.5ka- 8.0ka B.P..4.5ka-6.0ka B.P.and 2.0ka-3.Oka B.P..higher than that of present by 25m , 17m and.Responsively, their surfae areas were 3000 km² , 2330 km² and 1334 km² respectively.In this paper, in terms of a hydroingica l an d energy-balarlce med e1.the sensitivity of its param eters js discussed in detail, an d also, paleopre, cipitation of three high lake—level stages estim ated. Among these param eters lake c(Jefficient is the main factor affecthag the estim ation of paleoprecipitation.And lan d albedo, Bowen ratio and cloud cover also show high sensitive—But tem peratnre indicates relatively low sensitivity- By applying this hydrological an d energy’balan ce model, the estim ates of paleopreeipitation in different pe riods are obtained.In proper order, the average precipitation was:332 mm /a in 6.5 ka- 8, 0 ka B. P., an increase by 22 of the present;305 mm/a in 4.5 ka- 6.0 ka B.P., an incre&se by l6 and 287mm/a in 2.0-3.0 ka B.P., an increase by 9 of the present.

Abstract:Based on cluster analysis，the polders in west Taihu Lake are-classified into eight types. Such key elements to cause flood-waterlogging as rainfall，water surface , elevation，dischange capacity, dyke，topography are analysized. An index M and three-day design rainfall are used to study the flood-waterlogging risk of every type of the polders. The main conclusion is 1.Neither all the high lands are softy and nor all the low lands are risky. 2. Human activities have great impacts on flood waterlogging.

Abstract:The sediment from a columnar core with a depth of 6. 2 min Gucheng Lake was analyzed with regard to radioisotope, grain size, organic matter content, δ¹³C of organic matter and pollen. ¹⁴C dating of 3630+230a was obtained from the organic mud sample 6. 1 m below the core top. The average sedimentary rate of recent sediments is 0. 71mm/a resulting from ²¹⁰Pb dating technique. According co the lithology and various environmental m ar kers of the sediment five lithoiogical beds and five correspondins stages of environmental evolution may be divided from the core profile:(1)5.1-6.2m , green-greymud and siltymud.Clay content(CL), organic matter conent(LOI)and δ¹³C values are all higher(77.5 , 5.6 and - 25.36‰ PDB respectively ) in th interva1. High-lake level was reflected during the period .(2) 3 .5- 5· 1n1, grey silty m ud. CL, LOI and δ¹³C va]ues are reduced slightly (62.2% , 5.0% , and-25.98%0 respectively). Lake-level was also higher in the period .(3) 1.2- 3.5m , grey muddy fine grained sand and sir. CL .LOI an d 6 C are all at their low est values in the profile (13.3 .3.7 and 26.31‰ respectively).Thelake—level was verylow in thetime. (4) 0.3- 1.2m. grey sandY an d silty mud. CL , LOI, and 6 C values are risen again to some extent(41.2% , 7.8 and -25.`` respectively ).The lake was expan ded during the t[nle. (5) 0 0.3m , dark—grey silty mud. CL , LOI and δ¹³C values are all quite high (70.3-10.6 and - 22.1 4‰ respectively).The Inke-level was probably higher during the period-According to the pollen forms and contents in the core profile, eight palynological assemblage zones are divided as follows;(I)Quercus-Casta~ea zone, (Ⅱ)Pinus-Quercus- Polypodiaceae zone, (Ⅲ )Quercus-Graminca- Typha zone, (IV)Graminea-Arteinsria-Quercus zone, (V ) Quercus-Graminca- Typha zone, (VI) Gram inea Pigza-Quercu zone, (Ⅶ) Qercus-Pinus-Castanea zone an d (Ⅷ )P inus-Graminea-Ariternaisira-Qzone. Com par ison of climatic change sequence resulting from pollen an alysk to the lake—level evolution m ay lead to the discovery that the clim ate change was coincident w ith lake—level change before 2.5 ka B.P.(6.2— 3.5m in the core)and the climate waS the main controlling factor for the lake expansion. But the regularitlos of lake—level fluctuation ar e not conformable to the clim atic change s.nce 2.5 ka B.P.(0- 3.5m in the core). Obviously the lake environm ent change was not controlled dom inantly by clim ate factor during the time. On the contrar y, human activities were the leading factor that affected lake environment evolution. In the historical records, the Xux[River channaled at caused Gucheng Lake water our eastwards an d also caused the lake to shrink intensely.As a result, the lake was converted into Taihu Lake drainage bas in. U P to 893 A .D. as five bars were built along the Xuxi River.the lake water flowing eas twards was CUt off resultin g in an expansion of lake ar ea and the lake beca me the Changjan g River drainage bas in again. Therefore, it is inferred that the twice abrupt changes of lake environment at 3.5m and 1.2m of the core are resulted from hum an’g tras form atinn on the lake water system in historical time.

Abstract:Huangqihai Lake is an inland closed lake. Climatic change is a major factor to control the lake level fluctuatiunc. The analysis on geomorphology, lacustrine sedimentolugy, geuchemistry and historical archecnugy proves that the lake level has been fluctuating since 10000 a B. P. During the early Holocene, the lake level began rising and reached its maximum height at y000a B. P. ur a maximum area of the lake. Then the lake level began to fall and its surface area to be reduced successively.

Abstract:Seasonal variation of kinetics parameters of total alkaline phosphatase in the eutrophic zone of a shallow Chinese freshwater lake (Donghu Lake) was reported.The concentration of chlorophyll and V_max of total alkaline phosphatase reached the highest level when ambient orthophosphate concentration was low and the values of Michaelis constant(K_m)of alkaline phosphatase decreased.Thus, phytoplankton seems to compensate for their phosphorus deficiency not only by an increase in enzyme activity but also an improved ability to use low substrate concentrations. The k_m of alkaline phosphatase bore a direct positive relation to UV-sensitive P compounds (UVSP). A better relationship by plotting him values against the ratio UV SP:phosphmmonoester is also found, suggesting that UVSP is a competitive inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activii.yin the lake.

Abstract:The effects of organic and inorganic sources on the growth of Anabaena syhaaerica HB 1017 are studied. The result shows that in organic carbon sources，the most effective concentrations of glucose and sucrose are 0. 5-1. 0 pg/mL and 5. 0 pg/mL respectively;while in the inorganic carbon soureces，the most effective concentrations of sodium carbonat and bicarbonat are 10. 0-15. 0 pg/mL and 10. Oug/mL respectively. The concentration of glucose or sucrose have no influence on the chlorophyll., but A. sphaerica HB 1017 bit a little more chlorophyll a when cultured in medium containing glucose than in containing suerose. Both sourcess carbonate of the four carbon and bicarbonate raise chlorophyll_a at the concentration of 5. 0 pg/mL. All sources can in the organic carbon sources enhance the nitrogen-fixing ability of A. sphaeria HB 1017，but sucrose has greater effect than glucose;while in the inorganic carbon sources，the effect of sodium carbonate is greater than that of sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract:Young mussels instead of glochidia were observed to be discharged by gravid individuals of Anodonla bigbba(Heude) in April and May of 1993. Among the shells of the young mussel，a stout，triangular shell of glochidium and its hooks at the far end of the ventral margin were in evidence. Loops of newly grown shell were found to be around the glochidial shell，and a ciliated foot，anterior and posterior abductors，gill rudiments，and anus could also be recognized. The young mussels were kept alive in laboratory for 39 days，indicating that they had the ability to live independantly. It is made clear by the study that the glochidia of this mussel species has undergone the metamorphosis inside the maternal marsupia. It is the first time to find in China a naiad species metamorphosing without parasitism，a significant fact for studying the evolution of Chinese unionid and its phylogenetic relationships with world freshwater mussels. Furthermore，in view of the differences of adult shell and life history between Anodonla bigbibba (Heude) and Anodonta woodiana (Lea)，the name of A·bigbbba given by Heude should be recovered.

Abstract:By using GIS(Geographic Infiomation System) to analyze recent environmental changes and associated human impacts in Honghu Lake over the last four decades，some preliminary results of the study are presented as follows:1. the reduction in lake surface area was resulted from hydrological engineering， agricultural reclamation and swamp formation (paludification);2. the development of emergent mecrophytes in the lake was under recent policies of lake resource use and management. PC ARC/INFO was used as the main GIS software running on an IBM一386 compatble micro-computer to automate，manipulate，analyze and display geographical data，mainly from remote sensing images and landform maps. The environmental effects and processes under human activities, by means of embankment，subd ivision，reclamation and water level control， were successfully displayed and documented. It illustrates the value of GLS in environmental monitoring，assessment and managenent.

Abstract:Organic pollution and eutrophication of Dianchi Lake are getting aggravated as a result ofurban domestic sewage.In order to better understand the trend in water pollution of DianchiLake，such main factors reflecting the organic pollution and eutrophication of Dianchi Lake as COD，ON and TP are predicted by means of a multivariate linear regression and "Ken Koda"Model，and by allocating the pollution loads to each point source.In addition，the active roleplayed by the wastewater treatment plantin control lingur bansewageis quantitatively expounded to provide a scientific basis for the control of water pollution in Dianchi Lake basin.

Abstract:Dongting Lake，the second largest freshwater one in China，covers 37360km² with 9. 8%of theareabeingmarshland.Inthepresentpaper，theresourceevolution，integratedexploitation approach and measure of its marshland damp ecosystem are stated.The resultsindicate that the acreage , soil fertility, biological resources and human activities have changedremarkably due to the effects of many external factors(especially silt deposition in the lakebasin)on the marshland ecosystem.With the prerequisites of floodway，shipping and snailfever control，the exploitation of formed marshland should be based on the marshland altitude，and the projectincluding lakegrass safety-exploitation，reedintegrated-utilization andreed-forest ecological exploitation and product process should be carried out in proper order.

Abstract:By comprehensively andthoroughly analysingthe evolutional features of the fisheryresources in Jianghan lake district in Hubei Province，it advances the ways on how to breedfish with purse net，dividing the water areas into check by fish screen and intensive breedingaccording to different forms of the lakes.Some counter-measures are given as follows:fishery development and other economicutilization should be favorably combined，the rational disposition in the essence of productionadapted to the Family Contract System，and the contradictions among the transregional lakescorrectly handled.

Abstract:This paper deals systematically with economic development, evolutionary chronologyproduction type，fishery planning and economics，major propagationaland cultural technologies of reservoir fisheries in China. Furthermore it primarily analyzes the existingproblems about reservoir fisheries , and predicts the trend in reservoir fisheries.Since the 1950's all the development procedures of reservoir fisheries have experienced three phases:initation，development and rapid development. Hitherto，the production types of natural propagation，extensive stuck and integrated farming have been formulated;a lot of experiences in propagation technologies，artificial stock , transplant and domestication of exotic fish species，and control of some predacious fishes have been accumulated;semi-intensive and intensive culture means，net cage，enrichment culture and flowing water culture and so on， have been summed up. The existing problems of reservoir fisheries in China include simple fish population structure，clumsiness of other usages and fisheries employment，lower exhensive ecological efficiency，difficulties in catching bottom fishes，lower efficiency and higher cost of artificial food，lack of studies on theoretical problems related to reservoir fisheries. Reservoir fisheries in China have great potentialities，their development should give coordination of integrated culture and preservation of water quality in order to realize higher production，higher value and higher efficiency of ecological fisheries.