In recent years, the large-scale stock enhancement of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix had been implemented in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It was urgent to study how much resource contribution the stock enhancement of silver carp produced. This study assessed resource contribution rate of stock enhancement of silver carp in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River from the year 2016-2017, using microsatellite parentage testing technique. Before releasing fries, brood stocks of eight hatcheries, used for breeding, were marked with eleven pairs of ever developed microsatellite primers. These eight hatcheries also were the major institutions that supplied silver carp fries to the releasing work of governments around Jiangsu Province. The results showed that 191 types of alleles were detected between 621 brood stocks hatcheries and 475 captured silver carp in the Yangtze River. The number of different alleles (N_A), the observed heterozygosity (Ho) and the expected heterozygosity (He) were 9-36, 0.536-0.793, 0.597-0.941, respectively, and their corresponding mean values were 17.36, 0.656 and 0.794. All of eleven microsatellite loci were high polymorphism, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) per locus ranged from 0.560 to 0.938 with the mean value of 0.771, which proved 11 pairs of microsatellite primers as an effective tool for parentage identification. Result of parentage testing showed that the non-exclusion probability (NEP) was from 2.4% to 42.4% at the case of parent's unknown gender, and the combined non-exclusion probability (CEP) was over 99.99%. Thirty-nine individuals from 475 silver carps of the Yangtze River were identified as the hatchery-reared offspring, i.e., the recapture rate 8.21%. Through comprehensive analysis, it was concluded that stock enhancement had produced a good supplement effect on silver carp resource from 2016 to 2017.