Based on municipal pollutant sources data of Jiangsu coastal area in 2008, the main pollutant source composition and pollution characteristics of Guanhe River, the total amount of pollutants into the river was calculated and corrected. Results showed that the total input amount of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus to Guanhe River was 36944.2, 4366.5, 6507.4 and 444.6 t/a, respectively, all of which were mostly originated from agricultural pollution. According to the pollution characteristics of Guanhe River, various pollution sources were clarified. Therefore we put forward countermeasures to control the pollution, which provide a foundation for effectively protecting the Guanhe River water quality and supporting the development of the region.