The fish species diversity and community structure in Hukou area of Lake Poyang were investigated from October 2006 to March 2009.A total of 50 species was classified into 6 orders, 12 femilies and 42 genus.Eesis fish was dominated in the fish species, and none of migration diadromous fish.Among the composition of catches collected in Hukou area of Lake Poyang, Pelteobagrus nitidus, Hemiculter leucisculus and Coilia brachygnathus were the most abundant species.Seasonal variations of average fish amounts captured by set nets were ranked from higher to lower as follows:summer, autumn, spring and winter.Generally, the changes of species abundance and quantity were positively correlated with water level and water temperature.Shannon-Wiener index was relatively lower, ranged from 1.16 to 2.58, and below 2 in most months.At the present time, fishing operation by set nets was very widespread in Hukou area of Lake Poyang, Commercial species had a lower proportion in catches and most of them were small individuals.Thus the management and protection of fish resources should be strengthened immediately in the area.