Fishery is one of the main functions of Lake Taihu, which plays an important role in improving the water environment. However, it is also influenced to a large degree by the environmenal change. Recently, the main problems facing the natural fishery in Lake Taihu are the over-intensive catching and irrational utilization of natural resources. This paper, based on the data of many years'catches in Lake Taihu, analyzed the community structure of fishes in Lake Taihu and their succession dynamics. According to the fish yields and compositions in different area of Lake Taihu, the natural fishery characteristics and problems were studied. Some ideas were presented to develop the natural fishery based on the present research, such as controlling the fishing gear specifications and catching intensity, adjusting the catching time, regulating the structure and proportion of stocking fish species and developing lake fishery in a reasonable way. Meanwhile, the potential of natural fishery was analyzed on the basis of present biological resources in Lake Taihu. It suggested that the construction of fishery environment and studies on influence of fishery on water environment should be strengthened for the further development of lake fishery.