Now, People have got to know the importance of the environment.Researchers in the environment field should realize the significances to observe the environment of Taihu Lake from the view of sociology and humanities.The author contrasts the facts and data collected by the author in the recent investigationsin Lake Biwa Japan and in Taihu Lake China and then draws several conclusions: (1) Although Japan and China show different modernization paths there are both close mutual actions between the human life and environment in the two countries.We can not resolve the environment problems in Taihu Basin entirely by only researching on the objective reality where the population density is so high.(2) To the residents in a certain area,sometimes, the environment exists exceeding its physical and chemical characters.People always notice how the environment influences their lives.So we have to consider this when we make policies of environment development and protection.(3) Even the residents are in a small place, their understandings to the environment problem are quite different because there are obvious differences in their culture backgrounds and environment preferences.Clarifying these differences and the reasons that they forms is the first step to prevent the release of the contamination.