Batrachospermaceae is a family of freshwater red algae with filamentous frond, and many members of which are endangered due to the scarcity of their populations. This study uses a range of analytical methods, including one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, random forest modeling and multiple linear regression, to examine the relationship between environmental data of Batrachospermaceae and compare it with that of Zygnemataceae and Cladophraceae (green algae), which are both large filamentous freshwater algae, furthermore, to analyze the endangered mechanism of Batrachospermaceae. The results demonstrated that: (1) The distribution ranges of WT, pH, DO, SPC, TDS, SAL, NH4+-N, TP and COD in the environmental data of Batrachospermaceae were smaller than those of Zygnemataceae and Cladophraceae. This finding suggests that Batrachospermaceae exhibits limited adaptability to the environment and strict habitat requirements. (2) WT, TP, TN and COD are all important environmental factors affecting the distribution of Batrachospermaceae. In comparison to Zygnemataceae and Cladophraceae, Batrachospermaceae has more important environmental factors, which suggests that Batrachospermaceae is influenced and constrained by a greater number of factors during its growth process, causes of the endangered status of this species. The findings provide a scientific foundation for the conservation and restoration of Batrachospermaceae.