金沙江下游梯级水库蓄水后三峡水库汛期沙峰调度控制指标探讨
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中国长江三峡集团有限公司

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国家自然科学基金项目(编号:U2040218),水利部泥沙科学与北方河流治理重点实验室开放研究基金项目(编号:IWHR-SEDI-2024-10)


Discussion on the control indicators of sediment peak regulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir during flood season after the impoundment of cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of Jinsha River
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China Three Gorges Corporation

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    摘要:

    三峡水库汛期沙峰调度能够显著提高水库排沙效果,研究其调度控制指标对于保障水库库容安全、提高水库汛期综合效益具有重要意义。根据2003~2023年三峡库区水文站实测数据,分析库区汛期泥沙输移规律,重点探讨2013年金沙江下游梯级水库蓄水后三峡水库汛期沙峰调度的启动控制与过程调控指标。结果表明:金沙江下游梯级水库蓄水后,三峡水库入库沙量大幅减少,汛期输沙更加集中在场次洪水期间,应主要考虑对预报入库寸滩站洪峰流量不低于50000m3/s或沙峰含沙量不低于1.5kg/m3,且预报寸滩站7日平均含沙量不低于0.5kg/m3的场次洪水启动汛期沙峰调度。沙峰调度期间,应以防洪安全为前提,综合考虑水库汛期多目标效益与实际来水来沙情势,遵循拦洪削峰、库区拉沙、坝前排沙三个时期的基本调度策略实施动态调控。三峡水库汛期泥沙实时监测与预报是开展沙峰调度的基础,需要不断改进优化泥沙监测与预报技术,精准掌控调度启动时机与调度过程,提高水库综合效益。研究成果可为三峡水库汛期优化调度提供重要技术支撑。

    Abstract:

    The sediment peak regulation (SPR) in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) during flood season can significantly improve the sediment discharge effect. Studying the control indicators of SPR is of great importance for ensuring the safety of reservoir storage capacity and improving the comprehensive benefits of reservoir. On the basis of data recorded at hydrological stations in the TGR between 2003 and 2023, the characteristics of sediment transport during flood season in the reservoir were identified. After the impoundment of cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of Jinsha River, the start-up control and process regulation indicators of the SPR in the TGR were discussed. The results indicate that the amount of sediment entering the TGR was greatly reduced since the cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of Jinsha River were impounded. Sediment transport in the TGR occurred mainly during flood events. The main consideration is to start the SPR for the floods with forecasted peak discharge at Cuntan station not less than 50,000 m3/s or forecasted peak sediment concentration at Cuntan station not less than 1.5 kg/m3, and forecasted 7-day average sediment concentration at Cuntan station not less than 0.5kg/m3. With flood control safety as the premise, and taking into account the multi-objective benefit of the reservoir and the measured flow and sediment conditions during the SPR, dynamic scheduling can be implemented according to the dispatching strategies of the three periods: water discharge peak blocking, sediment transport in the reservoir, and sediment discharge in front of the dam. In addition, real-time monitoring and forecasting of sediment during flood season is the basis of SPR. It is necessary to continuously optimize the sediment monitoring and forecasting technologies, so as to accurately control the start time and regulation process of SPR, and improve the comprehensive benefits of the TGR. This study can provide technical support for the optimization and refinement of SPR in the TGR during flood season.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14
  • 最后修改日期:2025-06-07
  • 录用日期:2025-06-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-07-17
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