The land use and "source-sink" landscape pattern of watershed have complex effects on water quality by influencing the production, transport and absorption of pollutants. Understanding the response relationship of river water quality to watershed land use and source-sink pattern is the prerequisite and key to optimize watershed landscape allocation. Taking Shangwuxi Basin of Qiandao Lake as the research object, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of river total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and phosphate, and analyzes the subcatchment scale land use and "source-sink" landscape pattern and its impact on river water quality. The results show that the water quality index of the main rivers in Shangwuxi Basin presents the spatial characteristics of gradually increasing pollutant concentration from the upper reaches to the lower reaches and from the outer tributaries to the main river. Nitrogen concentration in non-flood season was significantly higher than that in floo