In order to explore the compositional characteristics, sources, and correlation with water quality of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in urban river and lake artificial wetland systems replenished with ecological flow, a typical urban artificial river and lake wetland in Chaohu Basin was used as a study case. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(EEMs) technology combined with parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) was used to analyze the changes in the content and main sources of DOM in the water body of wetlands during dry and wet seasons. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of conventional water quality indicators including pH, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus(TP), total nitrogen(TN), chlorophyll-a(Chl.a), and turbidity were analyzed, as well as their correlations with DOM. The results indicated that: (1) PARAFAC recognized four fluorescent components, which were UV rich C1, tryptophan C2, humic acid C3, and tyrosine-like acids and soluble microbial degradation products C4. The fluorescence intensity of DOM in the wet season was higher than that in the dry season, and the DOM in the water was influenced by both endogenous and terrestrial sources, of which endogenous sources were the main source. (2) Due to the influence of urban surface runoff and the blue algae bloom in Lake Chaohu in summer, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of these water quality indicators were mainly higher in the wet season than those in the dry season, and their concentrations showed increased at upstream and then decreased at downstream. Ecological flow replenishment during the dry season and the wetland can play a role on the improvement of water quality. (3) The correlation analysis of water quality physicochemical indicators, DOM components, and fluorescence index showed that dissolved organic carbon was significantly positively correlated with Chl.a, turbidity, and C4 components, and TP was significantly positively correlated with C1, C2, and C3. It suggested be seen that terrestrial sources such as surface runoff had an impact on DOM, and the endogenous production of phytoplankton was an important source of organic carbon in the downstream of Tangxi River. The study revealed the fluorescence characteristics, component sources, water period differences, and water quality changes of DOM in Tangxihe-Fangxinghu wetland, providing basic data for further exploring the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and sources of DOM in urban river lake wetland ecosystems, as well as the impact of ecological flow replenishment on water quality.