Aquatic biological monitoring constitutes a pivotal foundation for the assessment of watershed ecological conditions, where the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data directly influence the outcomes of water ecological environmental quality assessments and the effectiveness of watershed water ecological management. Presently, in China, the research on quality assurance and quality control in aquatic biological monitoring is undergoing continuous improvement phases, necessitating a clarification and elaboration of the quality control requirements and quality control objectives of key links. This research summarized experiences from the construction of quality assurance and control systems in developed countries/regions, particularly in European Union and the United States. By reviewing China's foundational work and existing advancements in aquatic biological monitoring, we systematically proposed standardized construction strategies and recommendations suitable for China's current conditions. These suggestions included internal and external quality assurance and control in laboratories, the establishment of a comprehensive aquatic biological monitoring quality control database, new technology quality control proposals of artificial intelligence recognition and environmental DNA technologies, and so on. These efforts aim to provide the necessary technical support for the operationalization of aquatic biological monitoring services and the accurate assessment of changes in China's watershed ecological quality.