Land use and water environment factors are the key factors which affecting lake ecosystems. Revealing the mechanisms how macroinvertebrates' secondary productivity is influenced by environmental factors can understand the relationship between ecosystems and exogenous environments in macroinvertebrate habitats. To understand the effects of land use and aquatic environmental factors on the secondary productivity of macroinvertebrates, a survey of land use and macroinvertebrates, aquatic environmental factors in the 13 main lakes of Lake Lianhuan Group was carried out in June, August and October, 2020. A total of 75 macroinvertebrates species were collected, belonging to 56 genera and 32 families in 3 phyla, of which the dominant and important species were mainly larvae and gastropods, with Procladius sp. as the first dominant genus. Principal component analysis showed that land use and water environment factors had obvious temporal and spatial gradients, and macroinvertebrates secondary productivity also had obvious temporal and spatial variations. The secondary productivity and P/B ratio in spring, summer and autumn were 5.65, 6.06, 4.31 g/(m²·a) and 2.74, 2.55, 2.40 a^-1, respectively. In spring, secondary productivity was concentrated in the northeastern lakes and Lake Longhu was concentrated in the center of the lake; in summer, secondary productivity gradually spread to all lakes and Lake Longhu as a whole was low; in autumn, secondary productivity was concentrated in the northwestern and southeastern lakes and Lake Longhu was concentrated in the northeastern lakes. The P/B ratio showed an increasing trend from the eastern lake area to the western lake area with the passing of the season, while Lake Longhu was always concentrated in the southern lake area. The structural analysis of the secondary productivity and P/B ratio showed that the secondary productivity in spring was mainly composed of gastropods, and bivalves made the highest contribution to the secondary productivity in summer and autumn. The secondary productivity of gastropods mainly concentrated in the northern lakes; the secondary productivity of bivalves mainly concentrated in the southeastern lakes; the secondary productivity of chironomid larvae mainly concentrated in the central lake district; the secondary productivity of oligochaeta mainly concentrated in the Lake Longhu, while the crustacean only appeared in the Lake Amuta. The P/B ratio of oligochaeta and bivalve decreased gradually with the passing of the season, while the P/B ratio of chironomid larvae and gastropods increased first and then decreased. Path analysis showed that pH, artificial surface and chlorophyll-a were the key environmental factors affecting the secondary productivity of macroinvertebrates. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that total phosphorus and conductivity were important environmental variables affecting the secondary productivity of macroinvertebrates in different seasons. Arable and man-made surfaces were significantly and positively correlated with total phosphorus, conductivity and suspended matter, the increase in agricultural production and urban construction is an important reason for the eutrophication of the Lake Lianhuan Group, and this phenomenon has threatened the secondary productivity of macroinvertebrates. The ecological environment of the Lake Lianhuan Group watershed should be improved in the future through measures such as controlling agricultural surface pollution, returning straw to the land through decomposition, encouraging manure fertilization, and scientific land use planning, to promote the rational exploitation of macroinvertebrate resources.