Baiyangdian Wetland is the main ecological functional area of Xiong'an New Area. In recent decades, Baiyangdian Wetland has been faced with ecological and environmental problems, such as water shortage and wetland degradation. Three typical sub-basins (Wangkuai, Xidayang and Juma River) in the upper reaches of Lake Baiyangdian Basin were selected to study the runoff evolution in the past 60 years. Based on 18 remote sensing images of Lake Baiyangdian Wetland since 1969, the evolution process of Lake Baiyangdian Wetland was analyzed. The results showed that the mountain runoff in Lake Baiyangdian Basin decreased continuously in the past 60 years. From P1 (1961-1979) to P3(1997-2019), the average annual runoff coefficient in typical basins decreased from 0.29 to 0.12, and the total annual runoff in mountainous areas decreased from 30.84×10⁸ m³/a to 11.37×10⁸ m³/a, decreasing by 63.1%. Human activities such as terrace construction and groundwater exploitation are the main causes of runoff attenuation. There are differences in runoff and baseflow reduction in different sub-basins. The lithology of Wangkuai sub-basins is mainly metamorphic rock. The main reason for runoff attenuation is the decrease in surface runoff. The karst strata in the Juma River basin are widely distributed, and the main reason for runoff attenuation is the decrease in base flow. The direct factor affecting the area of Lake Baiyangdian Wetland is the fluctuation of surface water level. The decrease of water inflow is the direct cause of the degradation of Lake Baiyangdian Wetland in recent 60 years, and the fundamental reason is the attenuation of mountain runoff caused by human activities.