As one of the main driving forces of limited water areas such as lakes and wetlands, the evolution characteristics of airflow are the basis for the study of water-air energy and material transfer, which determines the water environment as well as water ecological pattern of water area, and has important research significance. Using wind tunnel flume, by setting different wind speeds, the response relationship and evolution law of near-surface airflow with wind speed and blowing distance were studied, particularly, flow characteristics under the condition of smooth wall were taken as the test control group, vertical distributions of wind speed, friction wind speed, roughness and so on were analyzed in time domain, and domain frequency change of wind speed and boundary layer thickness of wave-induced airflow are analyzed in the frequency. Results show that the average wind speed near the water surface conforms to the logarithmic distribution, the friction wind speed and characteristic roughness are all positively correlated with the wind speed, and both of them are greater than the smooth wall condition under the same wind speed and blowing distance, and the wave-induced airflow boundary layer thickness is positively correlated with the wind speed and blowing distance. The reasons for the improper use of wind speed as the aerodynamic dynamic parameter are analyzed, and it is considered that it is more reasonable to use friction wind speed or shear stress as the aerodynamic dynamic parameter, and the regression relationship between characteristic roughness and wind speed, blowing distance and water depth is given. The mutual feed model of airflow and wind wave with "same frequency" is discussed, it is found that the thickness of the wave-induced airflow boundary layer is not only related to the wavelength, but also affected by wave height, wave period and water depth, and the relation formula of the wave-induced airflow boundary thickness considering the nonlinear characteristics of wind and wave is established.