The shift from a clear macrophyte-dominated state to a turbid algal-dominated state has been occurred in some karst springs of Southwest China in recent years, but hydrochemical monitoring still reveal good conditions. The trend of water quality in karst springs is not synchronous with the degradation of aquatic ecosystem. To understand comprehensively and evaluate objectively the health of the spring water, we discussed how plankton community responds to water environment. Plankton investigation and physicochemical parameters monitoring have been conducted at four karst springs of the Wuming Basin, Guangxi province, in July 2016 and July 2020, respectively. The results showed that the number of species and density of plankton detected have increased 4 years later. Reproduced rapidly, the phytoplankton abundance of those all springs increased from 1.71×10⁵ cells/L to 79.92×10⁵ cells/L. And the total abundance of zooplankton decreased from 264.28 ind./L to 137.25 ind./L. The proportion of Cyanophyta or Chlorophyta in each spring increased, while density of some large crustacean's species reduced. And density of Rotifer has increased in some springs. Furthermore, some dominant species have converted to the species typically found in the eutrophicated environment. The number of species tolerant to pollution has increased also. However, the plankton biodiversity does not fully coincide with trophic levels. The water quality based on physicochemical parameters were ranked as either category I or II, while the comprehensive trophic state index of all springs has raised gradually. And most springs has been polluted in middle -heavy eutrophication level. Result from Redundancy analysis showed that phytoplankton communities were significantly related to water temperature (WT), pH, nitrite nitrogen (NO^-₂-N), total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen. The main environmental factors affecting the zooplankton community structure were WT, NO^-₂-N, ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll-a. The plankton has responded to changes of the major water environmental factors. We suggest that water quality evaluation of karst spring should be combined with the physicochemical parameters and biological indicators. Multiple indexes could more comprehensively reflect the health state of water. Lastly, in order to develop groundwater sustainably, it is suggested to divide spring protection areas for important springs, take measures to prevent springs from being polluted, and reasonably manage and develop groundwater resources. Ecological restoration should be conducted for the damaged aquatic ecosystem as soon as possible.