Based on the chronology established through the ²¹⁰Pb dating and the high-resolution pollen record of Amutapao in Lake Lianhuan, Heilongjiang Province, the environmental changes and human activities over the last about 220 years in the study area were discussed. The results showed that during 1790-1820 AD, the vegetation type was probably meadow steppe dominated by Poaceae, and the sandy type was mainly fixed sand. The climate was relatively cool and wet or the environment was hardly damaged by human activities, and lake was of relatively high nutrition. During 1820-1930 AD, the proportion of Poaceae and Compositae plants in the meadow steppe decreased, while that of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia plants increased. The area of the fixed sand decreased, and the area of the semi-fixed sand gradually increased. The climate gradually became dry or it may be accompanied by the increased human activities, and the wetland area decreased. During 1930-1980 AD, the proportion of coniferous tree Pinus increased, and the proportion of Compositae plants in the meadow steppe was the highest in the past 220 years, and the proportion of Chenopodiaceae plants also increased slightly, while the proportion of Poaceae and Artemisia plants decreased. It is speculated that the fixed sand continued to shrink during this period, and the semi-fixed sand expanded to the largest area for the last about 220 years. It indicates that the climate became further dry and with the increased human activities, and the area of the wetland further decreased. During 1980-2000 AD, the proportion of the Chenopodiaceae plants in the steppe was the highest for the last about 220 years, the area of the mobile sand increased significantly, and the area of the wetland decreased sharply. Combined with the meteorological data, it was concluded that the vegetation changes in this period were caused by human activities such as large-scale lake reclamation and wetland paddy field. During 2000-2010 AD, the proportion of deciduous broad-leaved trees dominated by Betula/Carpinus and Quercus around the study area, and the proportion of Chenopodiaceae and Compositae plants in the steppe was the lowest in the last about 220 years, revealing a significant decrease in the areas of mobile sand and semi-fixed sand. Combined with the meteorological data, it is considered that the vegetation changes during this period revealed by the pollen assemblage were mainly influenced by humans returning farmland to grassland and forest, planting broad-leaved trees such as Betula/Carpinus and Ulmus et al., and building sluices in eight main canals to divert water to Lake Lianhuan.