A rehabilitated lakeshore zone in Gonghu Bay, Lake Taihu, China was chosen to study macrophytes restoration and its effects on eutrophication control. The facilities including wave-weakening belts and bank revetment in rehabilitated lakeshore provided habitat for floating-leaved macrophytes, like Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) Kuntze, Nymphaea tetragona Georgi, Trapa bispinosa Roxb., etc. and submerged macrophytes, like Hydrilla verticillate, Myriophyllum verticillatum L., Potamogeton pusillus L., Potamogeton malaianus, etc.. The continuously monitoring on dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia, chlorophyll-a concentrations of water, ignition loss, nitrogen, phosphorus contents of sediment, macrophytes' coverages and biomass, phytoplankton's density were performed between two study areas and reference area. The space-time distribution of different areas and stages indicated that the trophic level index (TLI) of water and the bioproduction index (BPI) of sediment were remarkedly reduced, the water transparency was significantly increased as the macrophytes restored. The relatively high levels of total nitrogen (>3.0 mg/L) and ammonia (>0.6 mg/L) were the condition unfavorable for the floating-leaved macrophytes but not for the submerged macrophytes, in the meanwhile nitrogen of water and sediment were utilized directly during the macrophytes' restoration. Phytoplankton like Cyanophyta oscillatoria, Cyanophyta merismopedia and etc. absorbing phosphorus from water directly and macrophytes utilizing phosphorus in sediment collaboratively alleviated the phosphorus accumulation in lakeshore. Overall, it is concluded that the hydrological condition and water quality have impact on structure of macrophyte communities in the restoration, thus affecting the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus control. The macrophytes restoration had significant influences on planktonic communities, of which were directly correlated with phosphorus distribution in lakeshore water.