Compared with native snails in China, Pomacea canaliculata snails exert a higher grazing pressure on plants and have faster growth and reproduction rates, which may negatively affect aquatic plants' standing stock and ecological reestablishment. However, few studies have examined the potential effects of the presence of P. canaliculata on submerged macrophyte reestablishment. In this study, we assessed the preference of P. canaliculata for three submerged plants, namely Vallisneria denseserrulata, Hydrilla verticillata, and Myriophyllum spicatum—which have been largely planted for recovering Chinese eutrophic shallow lakes. The results indicated that the attachment preference of P. canaliculata for submerged macrophytes was in the following order: V. denseserrulata>H. verticillata>M. spicatum. Moreover, P. canaliculata grazing negatively affected plant survival in the following order of magnitude: H. verticillata>M. spicatum>V. denseserrulata. H. verticillata was the most vulnerable to snail grazing and died out rapidly. M. spicatum leaves had been completely consumed by the end of the experiment. V. denseserrulata was the least influenced by P. canaliculata. Compared with the controls, the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total phosphorus (TP), and soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) were higher with the H. verticillata + V. denseserrulata treatment; TP and SRP concentrations were higher with the V. denseserrulata + M. spicatum treatment; and TN concentrations were higher with the V. denseserrulata + M. spicatum treatment. These results suggest that the grazing preference of P. canaliculata alters the competitive advantage of submerged macrophyte. However, none of the submerged macrophytes prevented P. canaliculata grazing, resulting in decreases in the production of the submerged macrophytes and in the likelihood of clear-water state establishment.