As the largest freshwater lake in China, Lake Poyang plays a vital role in maintaining regional ecological security and ecological balance. Due to natural changes and human activities, the hydrology and hydrodynamics of Lake Poyang changed, and the ecosystem of Lake Poyang was seriously threatened, which directly led to the degradation of ecosystem services. In order to capture ecosystem services changes of the Lake Poyang in the past 30 years, the existing literature and monitoring data were systematically collected and sorted to obtain data on Lake Poyang's water supply, fish supply, and water depuration services directly. Sediment transport method and Berger-Parker index were used to estimate sedimentation control and biodiversity protection services. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) method was applied to explore the temporal change of the trade-off relationships of Lake Poyang from 1992 to 2014. The results show that: (1) Fish supply and water depuration services continued to decline. Water supply and sedimentation control services recovered gradually in the 2010s. (2) The biodiversity of winter migratory birds and fish biodiversity increased slightly, characterised by the increased species and number of winter migratory birds and the fish population composition. (3) The biodiversity of phytoplankton and benthic animals increased, and the biodiversity of zooplankton decreased. (4) All the ecosystem service pairs had high trade-off relationships, and water depuration service always had a relatively higher benefit than other services.