Time sequence of the SZK1507 core derived from AMS¹⁴C dating, and the content of the total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC) and the C/N values as well as the mean grain size, magnetisability are utilized to reconstruct the environmental changes in the Hangbu River Valley of the Lake Chaohu Basin, East China during the Holocene. The comprehensive analyses of multiple alternative proxies indicated that the evolutionary process of Lake Chaohu Basin in the Holocene could be divided into four periods. The climate was moist in Period Ⅰ ( from 10050 cal. a B.P. to 9700 cal. a B.P.) and Period Ⅲ (from 9250 cal. a B.P. to 5300 cal. a B.P.), and lake level of Lake Chaohu was high inferred from the low values of TN, TOC, C/N, mean grain size and magnetisability. Period Ⅱ (from 9700 cal. a B.P. to 9250 cal. a B.P.) and Period Ⅳ (from 5300 cal. a B.P. to the present) were dry, and the Lake Chaohu had low lake level, suggested by the high values of mean grain size and magnetisability, TN, TOC, C/N. Some global-scale abrupt climatic change events (e.g., 9.3 ka B.P., 8.2 ka B.P., and 4.2 ka B.P. events) were also recorded in this sediment core. Comparing the lacustrine records of SZK1507 core to other observations of climate variability, such as the northern hemisphere summer solar insolation, the sunspot numbers etc during the Holocene, we discovered that the abrupt climatic change events occurring in the Lake Chaohu Basin were affected by the variation of summer solar insolation in the northern hemisphere, the solar activities, the volcanic activities, and the complex feedback mechanism among them principally.