Based on the Landsat series of remote sensing data of Lake Shengjin wetland in 1989, 1996, 2003, 2010 and 2017, the ecological risk assessment model was built, the ecological risk index of different seasons was calculated, and the spatial distribution of ecological risk and its variation characteristics were analyzed. Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the ecological risk correlation between seasons, seasons and years. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences in ecological risk index in different seasons. The ecological risk from high to low was summer, winter, autumn and spring. The summer and winter risk index was 37.03% higher than that in spring and autumn. (2) In 1989-2017, the ecological risk index of Lake Shengjin wetland increased significantly. The important landscape types such as mudflats and grasslands in the lake area were highly susceptible to human activities and climate change, and gradually changed from medium-risk and high-risk areas to high risk, high-risk area. And the artificial surface and grassland area and the area of higher risk and high area show characteristics of certain synergistic change. In general, the Lake Shengjin Reserve is dominated by lower landscape ecological risks and medium landscape ecological risks. Partly higher landscape ecological risks and high landscape ecological risks are mainly located in the upper and lower lake areas. (3) The high correlation of ecological risks occurred between autumn and winter; the annual ecological risk is highly correlated with winter ecological risk. Therefore, the spatial-temporal evolution trend of the ecological risk in different seasons during the last 30 years reflects the response of the landscape pattern change to the landscape ecosystem disturbance, and the autumn and winter lakes wetlands need to be highly valued.