Pollution of microplastics and heavy metals in aquatic eco-environment is attracting more and more attention. In the present study, in order to explore the bioaccumulation characteristics of microplastics and heavy metals in organisms, we selected eight dominant freshwater fish species in the Lake Poyang and Raohe River as the research materials. The concentrations of heavy metals (i.e. Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cr) and microplastics in the fishes were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that the abundance of microplastics in water environment ranged from 10 to 64 items/L, with an average of 38.56 items/L. The abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of the eight fish species ranged from 1.21 to 9.11 items/g, with an average of 5.40 items/g, while the abundance of microplastics in gills of fish varied between 0.61 and 5.00 items/g, with a mean of 2.87 items/g. There were four types of microplastics in fishes including debris, fibers, films and pellets. The polymer components were mainly polyethylene (PE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) that were mainly transparent and colorful. The particle size of microplastics ranged from 0.01 to 9.50 mm, and 79.07% of the microplastics had particle size>0.5 mm. The abundance characteristics (i.e. types, particle size, color and polymer composition) of microplastics in fishes were similar as those in water environment. The averaged bioaccumulation coefficient of microplastics in fishes was 178.29. The bioaccumulation ability of microplastics in fishes was ordered as follows:Channa argus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco > Hemicculter leuciclus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Silurus asotus > Cyprinus carpio, Coilia ectenes, Carassius auratus. The contents of heavy metals including Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cr in the muscle tissues of fishes were 4.27 mg/kg, 0.13 mg/kg, 0.28 mg/kg, 11.73 mg/kg and 0.53 mg/kg, respectively, which meet the requirements of pollution-free aquatic products and are lower than the health standards for human consumption. The enrichment ability of the fishes to the five heavy metals was ordered as follows:Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb > Cr. Different fish species showed different ability on the accumulation of a specific type of heavy metals, which is closely related to their feeding habits. The five heavy metals were detected on the surface of various microplastics by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) methods, suggesting that microplastics may be the attachment carrier of heavy metal pollutants. Correlation analyses showed that the concentration of microplastics in fishes were significantly correlated with that of Cu, Cd and Pb, probably because that the presence of microplastics enhances the cumulative effects of Cu, Cd and Pb, and lead to the compound pollution effects.