Coastal lagoons with small catchment influenced both by seawater and river inflow, are highly sensitive to natural processes and anthropogenic activities, which make it ideal regions to study the paleo-environmental and paleo-climatic changes. To better understand the past climatic and environmental changes of the eastern Hainan Island, a 73 cm-long sediment core (XH15-02 core) was collected from the Xiaohai Lagoon, eastern Hainan Island in January, 2015. ²¹⁰Pb and AMS¹⁴C dates were determined, respectively, and multiple proxies including the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), organic carbon stable isotopes (δ¹³C_org), and dry density, were analyzed. In addition, based on the data mentioned above, deposition rate and flux of sediment and organic carbon were calculated, respectively. The results show that there is a good correlation between the content of TOC and TN; the ratios of C/N show remarkable variations ranging from 10.41-23.33, and δ¹³C_org values vary between -25.14‰ and -23.29‰; and the proportion of terrestrial organic carbon sources vary from 47.00% to 73.43% with some obvious low values during the last 1100 years, the terrestrial organic carbon content may record the precipitation changes in the eastern Hainan during the last millennium. Deposition rate and flux of sediment and organic carbon were relatively steady before 1850s, however, it increased rapidly after 1850s, especially since 1950s. The significant accelerated sedimentation process during the last two hundred years was probably related to the population growth and intensified anthropogenic activities in the Hainan Island at the same period. Based on the analysis of multi-proxies and comparison with the historical literature records and other climatic records from other regions, we assume that the XH15-02 core sediment drilled from the Xiaohai Lagoon may record some high sea level and/or strong typhoon events during the historical period. Especially, our results suggest that the δ¹³C_org records of XH15-02 core may be a valuable proxy to reconstruct the paleo-typhoon activities during the last millennium.