The community structure of benthic macroinvertebrate respond sensitively to water environment. According to the community structure characteristics, the ecological condition of the watershed can be evaluated, and vice versa. At present, the research on benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and water environment was mostly qualitatively studied, which could not accurately reflect their quantitative relationship. In order to quantify such relationship, we conducted three ecological surveys in the Taizi River, and obtained ecological data from 136 stations. We obtained the habitat water environment driving factors through screening, and used weighted average (WA) and thresholds indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) to analyze optimal values (OV) and threshold of indicator species (group) of driving factors for water environment in benthic macroinvertebrate (BM) community, different diversity levels and feeding function group. The results showed that the driving factors of the BM community were dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and total nitrogen (TN). The sensitive BM community have high OV in dissolved oxygen, while the pollution-tolerance species has low OV. The sensitive BM community also have lower OV in conductivity and TN, while the pollution-tolerance species has higher values. The lowest dissolved oxygen OV in the Shannon-Wiener index (0-1] interval, and the highest dissolved oxygen OV in the (3-4] interval. The OV of conductivity and TN in each group were ranked as follows:(0-1] interval < (1-2] interval < (2-3] interval<(3-4] interval. In the five functional feeding groups, the highest and the lowest dissolved oxygen OV were the shredders and the gatherer-collectors, the highest and the lowest conductivity OV were the gatherer-collectors and the filterer-collectors, and the highest and the lowest TN OV were the gatherer-collectors and the scrapers. The dissolved oxygen threshold of BM sensitive species were higher than that of pollution-tolerant species and other species, while the sensitive species of conductivity and TN threshold were lower than that of pollution-tolerant species and other species; The Shannon-Wiener index (0-1] interval had a negative relationship with threshold of dissolved oxygen, and positively relationship with threshold of conductivity and TN; while the Shannon-Wiener index intervals of (1-2], (2-3] and (3-4] had a positive relationship with the threshold of dissolved oxygen and a negative relationship with the conductivity and TN. The BM feeding function groups (FFGs) indicated by dissolved oxygen was shredders, and had a positively relationship with the threshold of dissolved oxygen, while the feeding function groups indicated by conductivity and TN include filterer-collectors, scrapers and shredders, and had a negative relationship. The scrapers' conductivity and TN threshold were the highest. The study showed that analyzing the optimum value and threshold value of the aquatic environmental factors of the BM community, the relationship between the BM community and the aquatic environmental factors of the river can be quantified, which had important guiding significance for the protection and restoration of the river ecological environment.