Phosphorous(P) has been considered a key factor in inducing eutrophication. The internal P loading(mainly P release from the sediment) has been found to delay the lake recovery following the reduction of external loading from the watershed. The control of internal loading by chemical immobilization of P using the lanthanum(La) modified bentonite(LMB) has been widely applied in recent years. This paper reviews the advances in the immobilization of P by LMB, including the following aspects:(1) the composition of LMB and mechanism of LMB to immobilize P;(2) the response of P and lake ecosystem to LMB treatment;(3) the factors affecting the treatment efficiency of LMB technology, and(4) the possible ecological risks in the application LMB. After that, the cautions during the LMB application are pointed out and the possible research in this field is proposed.