The molecular analysis and morphological identification of a freshwater red alga JC1712001, collected from Jinci spring, Shanxi Province, North China, were performed, and its biogeographic analysis was conducted using molecular biological evidence. The results showed that the genetic distances between JC1712001 and Kumanoa mahlacensis Kumano strains from the United States and Spanish were all 0 based on the rbcL, COI and UPA sequences, indicating that the three genes were highly conserved. Phylogenetic trees based on three sequences by three methods, including Bayesian method, maximum likelihood method and neighboring method, were highly consistent. In the phylogenetic trees, JC1712001 were clustered with K. mahlensis from Spain and the United States, and the support rates were all above 97%. According to molecular biological evidence, JC1712001 is also classified as K. mahlensis. The geographical origin map constructed by RASP software showed that K. mahlensis was distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America, and the origin of European group is more ancient. K. mahlensis is a rare species, and the results of this study have enriched the distribution of freshwater red algae in China. Meanwhile, it also provided data for the phylogenetic analysis and the geographical origin research.