Pomacea spp. have caused negative impact on agricultural production, ecological environment and potential human health pests. Pomacea canaliculata is one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. Distribution data of Pomacea spp. was collected for reconstruction of the spread history of Pomacea spp. in China. The expansion process showed that the distribution of Pomacea spp. in southern China would continue to expand, and a comprehensive invasion pattern may be formed in the future with a tendency to further spread to the North. Combined with the climate and altitude data, Maxent model was constructed to predict the potential distribution of Pomacea spp. and analyzed the key environmental factors affecting its distribution. The results showed that Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan had become a high distribution areas with serious damages, and Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Guizhou and Yunnan were in medium distribution, but with a high risk for outbreaks. Analysis of environmental variables showed that the influence of annual mean temperature was the most critical. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used to test the predicted results, with the average AUC value of 0.97 which indicated a high prediction accuracy and credible results. These results could provide the basis for further developing the prediction of dispersal tendency of Pomacea spp. in China, establishing the risk assessment system and formulating effective prevention policy.