As a traditional industry, fishery plays an important role in the economic and social development of our country. The fishery is one of the most important functions of lakes, fishery resources change is an important factor affecting the evolution of lake ecosystem. Meanwhile, the change and degradation of lake fishery resources are the most direct response to environmental changes. But since 1980s, with the change of water quality and environment, lake fishery resources declined obviously, pelagic and planktivorous fish predominated in the fish community, showing a smaller size and lower aging tendency. Based on the history of lake fishery development, we expounded the influence of human activities and lake environment change on fishery resources and ecological system profoundly, clarified the relationships among water environment management, lake ecosystem restoration and sustainable development of lake fishery, and finally provided an outlook of the future of lake fishery.