Based on land use data and water quality data of seven typical rivers of 2001 and 2010, the relationship between landscape pattern and water quality indicators and its change characteristics in Suzhou City under the urbanization were analyzed. The monitoring data was consisted of five water quality indicators including dissolved oxygen, ammonia, potassium permanganate index, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The results were listed as follows. The water quality of Suzhou City was general poor, although showed a trend of improvement. River water quality suffered the comprehensive influence of urban land, dry land and paddy field in research area. The influence varies among scales. Meanwhile, urban land and the dry land had obvious effect on the deterioration of river water quality.The correlation between urban land area and paddy field area and water quality indexes abated in small scales in 2001-2010. However, the impact of dry land on water quality was greatly increased. What's more, water quality was negatively correlated to contagion index and the largest patch index and positively correlated to number of patches, patch density, Shannon's evenness index and Shannon's diversity index. The effects of landscape pattern in a wide range of buffer on water quality was more significant. The research results provided certain reference basis to Suzhou water environment management and urban space development of the Taihu Basin.