Industry pollution is an important pollution source. It is important to understand the effects of pollution structure and enterprise pollution conditions on water environment. The "water pollution prevention action planning" launched in 2015 clearly put forward that industrial pollution emissions must be reduced through adjusting the industrial structure vigorously. As a national-level drinking water source, the Lake Qiandao was taken as one of pilot areas to pursue the good water quality of lakes and reservoirs. It is of important significance to evaluate the industrial pollution composition of Lake Qiandao Basin and develop industry adjustment scheme and enterprise management system. This study selected 180 enterprises which have large COD_Mn emissions in lower reaches of Lake Qiandao Basin. Based on the analysis of the pollution structure of the industrial sector, taking the indexes of economic contribution, pollution intensity,and level of governance as key indicators,industries and enterprises were classified using the cluster analysis. The results indicate that the textile industry, beverage manufacturing industry and metal products industry were the pillar industries, and the beverage manufacturing industry and textile industry were the major polluting industries in relation to the COD_Mn emissions of 19 types of industries. It is apparent that the present industry structure has a big structural pollution problem. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the economic contribution, generation of pollutants strength and governance efficiency of different industries and enterprises,the industry is divided into six categories. Each category was proposed with the optimization strategies for key development, encouraging development, or restricting development. Enterprises were divided into four types and the corresponding enterprise regulatory strategies were proposed for supporting, encouraging, or restricting the development, and even being gradually shut down. Classification and evaluation of industry and enterprises provide a reference for other regions, and also provide technical guidance to conduct the "water pollution prevention action plan".