Sediment magnetism, integrated with organic carbon, grain-size and ostracods analyses were conducted on a sediment core (FA-1) retrieved from Faiyum basin, north Egypt. The time sequences of sediment magnetism were established on the AMS¹⁴C-dated chronology. The result showed that grain-size and secondary alternation had minor effects on the characteristics of the sediment magnetism, and changes in sediment magnetism basically reflected the relative proportion of different sources contributing to the basin. Prior to the Holocene, weak sediment magnetism featured by incomplete antiferro magnetic minerals, together with the grain-size distribution similar to the surrounding desert deposits, indicating an aeolianorigin. The sediment magnetism kept relatively stable with high organic content during the early-to-middle Holocene at ca. 10-5.4 ka BP, suggesting the stable material inputs to the basin from the Nile. The last ca. 5.4 ka BP especially since the last ca. 4.2 ka BP, evident variations in sediment magnetism indicated the increasing contribution of material from the Blue Nile when rainfall declined in the Nile catchment.Of note, the change of sediment magnetism since the last ca. 2.0 ka BP largely exhibited the intensified human involves.Briefly, the environment settings of Faiyum basin since the Holocene were controlled by the hydrological linkage between the basin and the Nile.The sediment was primarily of Aeolianorigin when no hydrological connection occurred between the basin and the Nile prior to the Holocene.During the early-to-middle Holocene (ca.10-5.4 ka BP), the sediment source in the lake basin was mainly of fluvial origin when the Nile drained into the basin, largely driven by intensified monsoon activities in the Africa.With weakening hydrological linkage with the Nilein the late Holocene from declining monsoon rainfall, the basin was fed by relatively more magnetic materials from the Blue Nile.The rapid increase in sediment magnetism in the last ca. 2.0 ka BP had recorded the accelerated basin soil erosion by increasing human activities such as reclamation and farming rather than natural forcing.