The main area of this study focused on the six secondary river districts of Chongqing City.The study utilizes the remote sensing and GIS to calculate the area of study's land use structures, as well as analyzing the relationship between the land use and the water quality indications at different levels in the section of the catchment area based on several statistical analysis methods such as correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA).The result shows that construction and forest land use occupied the most proportions of the studied area while unused land and agricultural land occupied a relatively small percentage; the land use pattern played an important role on the water quality in the area of study, while the construction and the agricultural land use had a great impact on the deterioration of water quality, the strategic layout of forest land use along the river banks can improve water quality significantly under normal circumstances, but would be the root cause of nitrate nitrogen in the upcoming rainy season.The RDA analysis further confirmed the fact that different land use patterns had certain influence on the water quality.This study had set an important and practical guideline for the river water environmental management of Chongqing City, and at the same time, provided an useful reference on the study of river water environment in hilly cities.