Salt dust storm which mainly released from the dry lakebed is an extremely disastrous weather phenomenon caused by wind erosion of playa in arid and semi-arid land. Due to different kinds of vegetation covered in the dry lakebed, the salt loss amount is different during wind erosion process. In order to understand the distribution and variation of the salt content under different landscape units, six typical landscape units under natural state were selected as research objects in the dry lakebed of Lake Ebinur. In early June and early October 2011, sediment samples were collected twice. Mathematical statistical methods were used to study the distribution and seasonal variation of salt composition and content. The results showed that the Na⁺ contents in sediments of the same two depths from 0 cm to 60 cm were significantly different among the six different landscape types(L1 to L6, characterized with decreasing vegetation coverage) in early June and early October, so do K⁺ and Mg²⁺. In addition, Na⁺ had a highly significant difference with the highest content. The contents of Cl^-, SO₄^2- from 0 cm to 30 cm were significantly different among different landscape units, this result is the same as samples from 30 cm to 60 cm, although the CO₃^2- and HCO₃^- contents were low. The main type of salt in sediments was NaCl, followed by CaSO₄, and other types of salt were in very low concentrations. There was a significant difference among the salt contents of sediments from the same depth under different landscape units. In term of the ionic composition and salt content, the content of L5 was the highest, followed by L6, and L2 was the lowest. With increasing depth, the salt contents of sediments from different landscape units showed a decreasing trend. Over time, the salt contents of landscape units L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 increased in varying degrees, only L1 turned out reduce. It is suggested that different landscape units was the main factor affecting the salt accumulation in the range of small-scale of which the local climate conditions, groundwater salinity, groundwater depth and sediment properties are relatively homogeneous.