A survey was conducted on twenty-one kinds of organochlorine pesticide(OCPs) residue in the surface sediments of Lake Qiandao. The component characteristics and source apportionment of HCHs and DDTs were confirmed, and the ecological risk assessment was evaluated. The main results were as follows:twelve kinds of OCPs were detected, total concentrations of OCPs in the surface sediments of the studied area ranged from 0.43 to 12.70 ng/g, with an average of 5.28 ± 4.84 ng/g, belonging to low residue level. DDTs were the main residues, and high OCPs residue level was found in Jiekou and Dabaqian. The application of industrial DDTs was the main source apportionment of DDTs residue in the surface sediments. Lindane and DDTs in the surface sediment of Jiekou were input recently, which should be paid more attention. In addition, the ecological risk of OCPs in the surface sediment of Lake Qiandao was assessed with the methods of sediment quality guidelines and sediment quality standards, and the results indicated that OCPs residue in some sampling sites may still have potential ecological risk on the investigated area.