We have investigated the constitution and abundance of macrozoobenthos in Niyang River, the branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet, based on season from 2008 to 2009, and taken quantitative analysis to study spatio-temporal characteristics of phytoplankton and their corresponding to environment using multivariate statistics method. The results are as follows:Firstly, the main macrozoobenthos in Niyang River are phryganea larvae, Radix sp., chironomidae larvae. Secondly, based on the method of Duncan test method, there is no significant difference among four sampling sites and seasons as for total abundance, in addition, total abundance of the macrozoobenthos in Niyang River is descending with the elevation ascending. Thirdly, based on the PCA method, as for the sampling sites, the maximum and the minimum total abudance for the macrozoobenthos appear in sampling site Ⅳ and sampling site Ⅱ respectively, as for the seasons, the maximum and the minimum total abudance for the macrozoobenthos appear in the autumn and the winter respectively. Fourthly, based on the CCA method, the relationship between the environmental factors and the macrozoobenthos could be described as two reaches separately, which are the middle-upper reaches and the middlelower reaches. Last but not least, the paper chooses four factors among eleven environmental factors to explain their relationship with total abundance of macrozoobenthos, the four factors are total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, elevation, and season. The paper also suggests paying close attention to macrozoobenthos and the environment factors mentioned above owing to their important indication function, in order to warrantee the sustainable development of Niyang River aquatorium ecology.