At different locations of a lake basin, sediments always indicate different environmental histories. In this paper, the terminal lake of the Shiyang River, Hexi Corridor, was taken as an example for investigating the palaeoenvironmental significances of lake sediments at different locations. Located on the edge of the lake basin, the Sanjiaocheng section may reflect the paleo-rainfall and paleo-runoff in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, which corresponded to the millennial-scale Bond Events in the North Atlantic Ocean. The correlation could be caused by the linkage between the Asian monsoon circulation and the North Atlantic Ocean. Located in the middle of the lake basin, the QTH01, QTH02, QTL-03 sections reflect the information relating to the lake evolution, showing relatively high lake level during the mid-Holocene (~7.0-~3.5 cal ka BP); however, the high lake level was not related to the Holocene paleo-runoff change. Therefore, the lake evolution was not only affected by the millennial-scale atmospheric circulation, but also by the lake surface evaporation. The mid-Holocene high lake levels were widely reported in arid Central Asia. This research provided new clues for detecting the climatic mechanisms of the mid-Holocene high lake levels in arid Central Asia.