Phosphorus cycle in water contains processes of various abiotic and biotic transformations of phosphorus in water column and corresponding sediments. Calcium in the sediment can be up-taken by submerged macrophytes and then released to the water column from the leaves, which can form calcium carbonate with CO₃^2- in the water column. In this process, a small amount of soluble phosphorus incorporated into calcium carbonate forming CaCO₃-P coprecipitation, leading to the transformation of soluble phosphorus to hard dissolved phosphorus. This kind of calcium pump driven by submerged macrophytes in water environment plays an important role in the phosphorus cycle. Research proves that CaCO₃-P coprecipitation can be formed on the leave surface of submerged macrophyte Potamogeton crispus and the content of total phosphorus in the coprecipitation changes in a wide range. In addition, the coprecipitation of calcium and phosphorus in the newly-formed sediments exists a process that polyphosphate can evolve to apatite gradually. It is not clear if this process occurred during the coprecipitation of calcium and phosphorus on the leave surface of submerged macrophytes is related to the phosphorus removal by submerged macrophytes. In this review, the research progress on the contributions of calcium transportation to the phosphorus cycle in the water system was introduced in detail, together with phosphorus cycle, function of calcium, and calcium pump hypothesis driven by submerged macrophytes and its implications.