Based on the historic data of fish catches and an investigation on fish assemblage from 2009 to 2010 in Lake Taihu, the dynamic variation of fishery resources and their responses to water eutrophication were analyzed.Results showed that only 47 spe-cies (belonging to 37 genera, 14 families and 10 orders) were recorded in Lake Taihu, the common species of fish were decreased and the fishes of Cyprinidae became the major community.The total fishery yield in the lake had increased rapidly in recent years, and the percentage of small fishes, such as Coilia ectenes taihuensis, had increased in fish catches;however, the percentage of oth-er large fishes, such as Culter alburnus, had decreased rapidly.Because of water eutrophication and imbalance of the fishery struc-ture, the tendency of smaller-scale fishery was more obvious.Compared with fishery resources of the eastern lake area, northern lake area and center area of Lake Taihu, the results showed that Coilia ectenes taihuensis had become the dominant specie in the northern lake area and center area, with the percentage of its fish catches reaching 70.7% and 80.4%, respectively.But the per-centage of carnivorous fishes and herbivorous fishes was relatively high in the eastern lake area.Such obvious differences among the compositions of catches in different lake regions reflected the influence of environmental factors on the compositions of fish catches.Based on the relationship between water eutrophication and fishery of Lake Taihu, some strategies were suggested, such as strength-ening the studies on relation of fishery and water environment and paying attention to the effect of aquatic plants on sustainable de-velopment of fishery.