Based on the investigation of submerged macrophytes and its relational environmental factors in June, 2010, Lake Chao-hu, this paper analyzed the characteristics of submerged macrophyte community and distribution, discussed the relationship between submerged macrophytes and environmental factors with redundancy analysis. The results showed that there were 6 submerged macrophyte species in 5 families, 4 genera. Total biomass of submerged macrophytes was about 8077.8t and their total distribution area was just 1.54% of the whole lake area. Potamogeton malaianus was the dominant species, which occupied 90.1% of the total distribution area of submerged macrophytes. Ceratophyllum demersum Linn., Myriophyllum spicatum Linn, and Hydrilla verticillaia (linn. f.) Royle appeared rarely and had been at the verge of extinction. Monte Carlo test results showed that the correlation between TP, PO₄^3--P, COD, SD, depth of water and the distribution of submerged macrophyte community was significant, however, TN had no significant effect, which suggesting that the distribution of submei^ed macrophyte community was more limited by P dian N, The results also showed that the correlation between TN and TP of sediment and the distribution of submerged macrophyte community were not significant, while the influence of sediment TOC on the distribution of submerged macrophyte community was significant.