The organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) were analyzed in the surface sediments of Lake Bosten in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and distribution characteristics, sources and ecological risk were evaluated.The results showed that the concentration rang of total OCPs in sediments was 2.15-16.80ng/g.Chlordane and DDTs had higher concentrations than other pesticides.The concentration range of Chlordane and DDTs were 0.12-12.08ng/g and 0.42-5.13ng/g, respectively.The total OCPs contents of Lake Bosten decreased from the entrances of the rivers to the center of the lake, which indicated that the main pollution sources were the water flowing from Kaidu River, Huangshui Ditch upstream and agricultural draining nearby.The composition of DDTs indicated that DDT compounds in sediments might be derived from the DDT-treated aged in agricultural soils, and there was no pollution source into the lake recently.The ratios of trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane for the sediments demonstrated that chlordane may still be used in Bosten basin.Compared with the ERL and ERM value of risk evaluation for sediments, the concentration of chlordane compounds was present in excess of the ERM value, which indicated that Lake Bosten would impose a high potential ecological risk.