An annual investigation on Corbicula fluminea in Lake Taihu was carried out monthly from December 2006 to November 2007. The annual average density and biomass of C. fluminea were 265.7ind./m² and 100.9g/m², respectively. Both the density and biomass peaked during the summer. According to the annual dynamics of the frequency distributions of shell length, C. fluminea reproduced once a year, and mainly occurred during April-June. C. fluminea distributed mainly in the Gonghu Bay, the region south to Mt. Majishan, the southwest lake region and the littoral regions of the Xiaomei Port. The spatial distribution of C. fluminea showed great diverse, resulting from combined effects of multiple factors. In Meilang Bay and Zhushan Bay, oxygen concentration of lake water may be the most important factor limiting the growth of C. fluminea. In the Gonghu Bay, the region south to Mt. Majishan and the southwest lake region, various habitats including sediment properties are suitable for the growth and reproduction of C. fluminea. The highest density and biomass of C. fluminea were found in the central area of Gonghu Bay (820.0ind./m², 522.9g/m²). In the east region of Lake Taihu, the density of phytoplankton and organic matter concentration in sediment are relative low. Therefore, in this region, food availability may be the main factor that limiting the distribution of C. fluminea.